HLTA02H3 - Practice Questions

Data derived from _______ (fill in the blank) research can provide in-depth and person-sensitive perspectives

a. experimental

b. qualitative

c. cohort

d. quantitative

qualitative

What does "thinking outside of the box" in health studies mean?

a. producing new ideas that work well within the dominant paradigm

b. producing new ideas that are potentially unconventional or even radical

c. engaging with very unique problems in health

d. having a conversation with professionals who are in interdisciplinary fields

producing new ideas that are potentially unconventional or even radical

Which of the following is not a sub-discipline of health studies?

a. health economics

b. health geography

c. health humanitarianism

d. health sociology

health humanitarianism

Which discipline explores how people think and behave in relation to health and illness?

a. Health Geography

b. Sociology

c. Anthropology

d. Health Psychology

health psychology

Steven is a PhD student and his area of research is access and use of mental health services within primary care. He intends to engage youth in his research and interview them to understand their perspective and experience in accessing these services. He is even considering inviting some youth to help design his research study and research question. Which core facet of critical approaches in healthcare is Steven conducting?

a. Being humble and reflexive

b. Finding and questioning the ideas behind everyday social practices

c. Thinking and acting "outside the box"

d. Involving communities as partners in research, developing a "public" approach

Involving communities as partners in research, developing a "public" approach

Health is merely the absence of disease.

a. True

b. False

false

Which statement best describes social capital?

a. The strength of the economy of a country, including GDP (Gross Domestic Product).

b. The stress contributing to one person's status in society, such as their socioeconomic status.

c. The strength of a society which includes civic engagement and a sense of belonging.

d. The average age that a person can expect to live in a society.

The strength of a society which includes civic engagement and a sense of belonging.

Which social determinant(s) of health is/are considered the biggest contributor to health status?

a. Education and literacy

b. Social environments

c. Physical environment

d. Income and social status

Income and social status

Which of the following is NOT a component of the health field concept?

a. Environment

b. Health care organization

c. Human biology

d. Integrative medicine

Integrative medicine

Which statement best describes the socio-environmental model?

a. It views individual health behaviours that result in illness.

b. It views illness as a result of biological or physiological events.

c. It takes into consideration the broader structural factors that can influence the health and health behaviours of individuals.

d. It addresses nutrition by banning fast food restaurants.

It takes into consideration the broader structural factors that can influence the health and health behaviours of individuals.

_______ (fill in the blank) deprivation refers a lack of access to items necessary for life, such as housing, food, and employment.

a. Socioeconomic

b. Economic

c. Marxist

d. Material

Material

The biomedical and behavioural approaches to understanding an individual's health take into consideration environmental factors.

a. True

b. False

false

_________ (fill in the blank) was introduced in the mid-1990s and was interested in reducing expenditures on health care by redistributing funds to areas that would promote prosperity for all. In this original view, funds from the health care sector should be redistributed to other areas to strengthen the economy.

a. Public health policy

b. Health promotion

c. Health field concept

d. Population health

Population health

Which of the following welfare state types would Canada be considered?

a. Social democratic

b. Conservative

c. Liberalism

d. Christian democratic

Liberalism

The approach of studying a phenomenon by breaking it down into smaller parts is referred to as:

a. Physical Reductionism

b. Mind-Body Dualism

c. Machine Metaphor

d. Specific etiology

Physical Reductionism

Which of the following concepts is said to ignore the social determinants of health, due to its assumption that 'physical' and 'mental' states are separate entities?

a. Regimen and Control

b. Machine Metaphor

c. Physical Reductionism

d. Mind-Body Dualism

Mind-Body Dualism

___________ (fill in the blank) was a common, unethical practice that some medical doctors engaged in.

a. Bribery

b. Inadequate record keeping

c. Eugenics

d. Withholding treatment

Eugenics

What is the overall effect of medicalization on childbirth?

a. The mother has become the dominant character in childbirth

b. Physicians treat pregnancy differently than illnesses

c. Midwives have become more popular because of their medicalizing approach

d. Women are expected to be more passive

Women are expected to be more passive

How has the biomedical model improved the lives of the mentally ill?

a. It has diverted them from jails, which were more common in the past

b. It has lessened the number of mentally ill people

c. It has actually made their lives much, much worse

d. It has provided them with many drugs

It has diverted them from jails, which were more common in the past

A middle-aged patient who admits to eating an unhealthy diet and not exercising, presents to a doctor with high blood pressure. Using a biomedical approach, how would the doctor treat the patient?

a. Refer the patient to a nutritionist

b. Refer the patient to social services for help with their living situation

c. Prescribe an exercise plan

d. Prescribe a pharmaceutical drug for hypertension

Prescribe a pharmaceutical drug for hypertension

Healers have likely been around for as long as there has been humanity.

a. False

b. True

True

Which of the following statements best describes capitation?

a. A model in which health insurance covers an entire population

b. A model in which providers a paid a lump sum per patient to cover care for a given period of time

c. A model in which individuals opt to buy insurance of their own volition

d. A model in which an insurance company pays on behalf of a patient

A model in which providers a paid a lump sum per patient to cover care for a given period of time

Fred is employed by an agency to help control the process of medical goods and drugs. What aspect of the healthcare relationship does he help facilitate?

a. Third-payer relationship

b. Contracting

c. Authorization

d. Premiums

Authorization

True or False: Premiums are the fees paid for health insurance.

a. True

b. False

true

How does single-payer health insurance work?

a. An insurance company or another third party pays the health care provider on behalf of a patient

b. Fee for service is paid by the patient

c. The government pays all health care providers directly for their services

d. Patients pay for a portion of their services while insurers cover the remaining charges

The government pays all health care providers directly for their services

Which of the following models can be described as "decentralized model which allows for hospitals to select their own insurance pools".

a. Beveridge model

b. Bismark model

c. Canadian model

d. American model

American model

What are the three main characteristics of health care that are universal?

a. Licensure, health insurance, provincial government oversight.

c. Licensure, federal government oversight, and contractors and funding.

c. Licensure, health insurance, and contractors and funding.

d. Licensure, health insurance, and federal government oversight.

Licensure, health insurance, and contractors and funding.

There are very strong arguments in favour of ______ (fill in the blank) insurance in health care due to market failures in competitive environments.

a. Mixed

b. Private

c. Informal

d. Public

Public

Which of the following healthcare procedures is covered by the public insurance plan?

a. Visits to the dentist

b. Visits to a primary care physician

c. Vision care

d. Prescription medication

Visits to a primary care physician

What is medical pluralism?

a. Embracing "plurality" of experimental CAM therapies

b. An approach that specifies a single unique approach to medicine

c. A belief in perfectly balanced health

d. Embracing a wide scope of methods and approaches

Embracing a wide scope of methods and approaches

What is typical treatment offered by biologically based therapies?

a. Use and manipulation of energy fields

b. Use of creative outlets such as art and music

c. Support groups, meditation, prayer and spiritual healing

d. Dietary supplementation

Dietary supplementation

______ refers to the idea that the human body is alive and well due to a special type of energy or force. (fill in the blank)

a. Reiki

b. Pluralism

c. Vitalism

d. Holism

Vitalism

Quackery describes the experimental, unusual, or unconventional cures for illnesses.

a. True

b. False

False

What is the method behind body-energy therapies?

a. They assume that illness is a product of biochemical imbalances, which can be corrected with psychotropic drugs

b. They presume that forces beyond the material universe influence health and disease

c. They assert that health and disease are functions of the flow and balance of life energies

d. They assume that stress, psychological coping styles, and social supports primarily determine health and disease

They assert that health and disease are functions of the flow and balance of life energies

Reiki is a means to treat the body as "the key to the kingdom" of health.

a. True

b. False

False

Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

a. Homeopathy is based on the belief that the body can cure itself

b. One reason CAM is popular today is that some people are not satisfied with their physicians

c. In industrialized countries, up to 75% of the population uses CAM

d. All CAM therapies have been tested using randomized controlled trials

All CAM therapies have been tested using randomized controlled trials

What is a key element to creating a placebo effect?

a. Compliant patients (i.e. patients who obey the rules)

b. Deep understanding of the potential for placebo effects

c. Effective medications

d. Patients' expectations that a treatment will work

Patients' expectations that a treatment will work

How is race socially constructed?

a. Cultural heritage is a myth, and therefore so is race

b. We create categories to differentiate people based on cultural heritage

c. It pertains to the social gradient

d. We convince ourselves that race can create visual differences between us

We create categories to differentiate people based on cultural heritage

Which of the following terms is defined as a hyper-informed consumer who knows the risks, benefits, and costs of the healthcare service they are purchasing or being provided?

a. Medical Tourist

b. Patient

c. Informed Provider

d. Expert Patient

Expert Patient

_______ (fill in the blank) is the prevalence and/or incidence of a disease in a specific population.

a. Epidemiology

b. Mortality

c. Morbidity

d. Cumulative incidence

Morbidity

The Whitehall study of British civil servants showed that....

a. Those in the civil service had a stronger social identity

b. Those in the civil service had a weaker social identity

c. Those in higher positions in the civil service had better health outcomes

d. Those in lower positions in the civil service had better health outcomes

Those in higher positions in the civil service had better health outcomes

Which demographic is least likely to approach medical care as consumers?

a. People of colour

b. Women

c. Young professionals

d. The elderly

The elderly

What is an example of a "downstream" factor that influences health?

a. Healthcare services

b. Social inequalities

c. Racism

d. Poverty

Healthcare services

What is one argument that criticizes the informed consumer phenomenon?

a. Efforts to get patients to take charge of their own care are working

b. It may be unrealistic to expect people without medical training to feel confident taking charge of their complex health issues

c. Patients taking charge of their own care are improving care

d. Patients taking charge of their own care are lowering the quality of care

It may be unrealistic to expect people without medical training to feel confident taking charge of their complex health issues

SickKids (also known as The Hospital for Sick Children) is an example of a hospital embracing brand recognition.

a. True

b. False

True

In this week's reading, it was mentioned that health may have no "intrinsic value." What does that mean?

a. Health may have no value in itself

b. Health has great and measurable value in itself

c. Health is very valuable economically but hard to measure in dollars and cents

d. Health has no externally measurable value

Health is very valuable economically but hard to measure in dollars and cents

What expression of political economy prioritizes individual entrepreneurial freedom, private property, free markets, free trade and low involvement of the government?

a. Neoliberalism

b. Utilitarianism

c. Communism

d. Liberalism

Neoliberalism

The flow of images around the globe through the media is an example of...

a. ethnoscapes

b. ideoscapes

c. mediascapes

d. imagescapes

mediascapes

"Glocalization" is....

a. The concentration of global economic power in the hands of a few countries

b. The notion of multiple national identities (e.g. Indo-Canadian)

c. The global expressed in the local, and the local as a part of the global

d. The widespread availability of global supply chains

The global expressed in the local, and the local as a part of the global

Which of the following organizations seeks to prevent conflict with global security norms and assistance for humanitarian crises?

a. International Monetary Fund

b. World Bank

c. World Trade Organization

d. United Nations

United Nations

Which of the following is a key factor behind the need for global humanitarian assistance?

a. Type 2 diabetes

b. Low income

c. Violence

d. Chronic food insecurity

Chronic food insecurity

Global humanitarianism emphasizes health as a basic human right.

a. False

b. True

True

What is the current state of political economy in the world?

a. Governments are blocking many economic opportunities worldwide

b. Governments are failing to restrict global free markets

c. Governments are aiming to control global economic flows

d. Businesses are not participating as much in global markets as they have done in the past

Governments are aiming to control global economic flows

The most repressive type of political system is:

a. Authoritarian

b. Democracy

c. Monarchy

d. Totalitarian

Totalitarian

Classic utilitarianism says that society is doing "right" when it does what?

a. Focuses on social justice

b. Does not redistribute wealth

c. Allows personal merit to determine access to resources

d. Creates the greatest net balance of satisfaction

Creates the greatest net balance of satisfaction

Which of the following theories on social justice describes social justice as the right to subsistence?

a. Libertarian

b. Rawlsian

c. Utilitarian

d. Marxist

Marxist

_________ (fill in the blank) is a core principle that Robert Nozick saw as the fair distribution of resources, defined as property may be transferred, as long as no theft, force or fraud occur in the transfer of said property.

a. Justice in Distribution

b. Justice in Transfer

c. Justice in Acquisition

d. Rectification

Justice in Transfer

Jake is a student at UTSC interested in starting a social movement around Long-COVID. Long-COVID is a variety of new, returning or ongoing symptoms that people experience more than four weeks after getting COVID-19. In some people, Long-COVID syndrome lasts months or years or causes disability. He is interested in bringing attention to the lived experiences of people with long-COVID and discuss why certain social determinants of health may exacerbate one's experiences with the illness. Jake is interested to hear from you about which type of health movement he should consider engaging in.

a. I would tell Jake that any health social movement would target his interests in bringing attention to the lived experiences of people with long-COVID and discuss why certain social determinants of health may exacerbate one's experiences with the illness.

b. I would tell Jake to engage in a Health Access Movement as he can get more attention in regard to improved provision of healthcare services and also bring in discussion around equitable access to treat long-COVID.

c. I would tell Jake to engage in both Embodied health movement and a Health Access movement since it will allow for the focus to be on the experience of people living with the illness and how we could potentially address diagnosis, prevention and treatment of long-COVID and also focus on the need to provide equitable access and improved provision of healthcare services.

d. I would tell Jake to engage in both an Embodied health movement and a Constituency-based health movements since it will focus on inequalities among people of different structures of identifications such as gender. It will also allow for the focus to be on the experience of people living with the illness and how we could potentially address diagnosis, prevention and treatment of long-COVID.

I would tell Jake to engage in both an Embodied health movement and a Constituency-based health movements since it will focus on inequalities among people of different structures of identifications such as gender. It will also allow for the focus to be on the experience of people living with the illness and how we could potentially address diagnosis, prevention and treatment of long-COVID.

Why is the most accurate reason for people wanting to form health movements?

a. Technology has made it possible for them to do so

b. It is very expensive to plan and organize

c. Because it is only possible when living under a democratic political system

d. Some groups have more knowledge about certain topics than the government does

Some groups have more knowledge about certain topics than the government does

If health has become 'politicized', it means that:

a. Politicians spend money on health in order to gain the most votes

b. Governments are no longer interested in health problems

c. Politicians have taken advantage of health issues for their own personal benefit

d. Pharmaceutical companies take advantage of health issues in order to make our society feel more ill

Politicians have taken advantage of health issues for their own personal benefit

John Rawls considers health to be a basic human right.

a. False

b. True

True

What is subjective about medical imaging technologies?

a. The data is subject to patients' interpretation

b. Medical imaging technologies can have health risks

c. The data is subject to a physician's interpretation

d. They don't provide objective data

The data is subject to a physician's interpretation

______ (fill in the blank) is the term used to describe when providing all individuals who are being treated or those participating in research studies with all of the information that could possibly affect their well-being. Hence, individuals can make active decisions about their participation.

a. Information Equity

b. Informed Consent

c. Research Ethics

g. Tuskegee Process

Informed Consent

Which of the following is not a part of the FALSE CASE acronym?

a. Fake News

b. Agenda

c. Author

d. Source

Fake News

___________ (fill in the blank) is another term for medical error.

a. Malpractice

b. Poor medical care

c. Adverse event

d. Side effect

Malpractice

What is ICES?

a. A institute where a group of scientists work together to study chronic diseases

b. A research institute that focuses on population-wide health outcomes research in Ontario

c. An electronic medical record (EMR) system that is mostly used in Canada

d. A high-tech tool that is used to analyze data for epidemiology studies

A research institute that focuses on population-wide health outcomes research in Ontario

As an ethical issue in healthcare access, which of the following is true regarding end-of-life decisions?

a. It is an issue only in older age

b. It can be an issue across the entire course of a person's life

c. End-of-life care is the same across different cultures

d. It is decided by the surrogate/ substitute decision-maker

It can be an issue across the entire course of a person's life

True of False: Technology is generally viewed as a material artifact, or tool, that extends or enhances human existence in the world.

a. False

b. True

True

When do ethical challenges typically arise?

a. When an individual has a chronic disease

b. When a person's ethics is confused with something else

c. When ethical questions are not necessarily clear

d. When there are health social movements

When ethical questions are not necessarily clear