Hyperglycemia vs. Hypoglycemia

diabetic ketoacidosis

gradual onset of headache, hyperventilation, fruity odor to breath, lethargy/confusion/coma, abdominal pain, dehydration, polyuria, flushed face, elevated temperature

diabetic ketoacidosis

blood glucose > 300 mg/dL

diabetic ketoacidosis

arterial pH <7.3

hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic state (HHS)

gradual onset of thirst, polyuria leading to quickly decreasing urine output, volume loss from polyuria quickly leading to renal insufficiency, severe dehydration, lethargy/confusion, seizures, coma

hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic state (HHS)

blood glucose > 600 mg/dL

hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic state (HHS)

arterial pH > 7.3

insulin shock

sudden onset of pallor, perspiration, piloerection, palpitations, increased HR, irritability/nervousness, weakness, hunger, shakiness, headache, double/blurred vision, slurred speech, fatigue, numbness of lips/tongue, confusion, convulsion/coma

insulin shock

blood glucose < 70 mg/dL

hyperglycemia

diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic state (HHS) are considered HYPERGLYCEMIA/HYPOGLYCEMIA

hypoglycemia

insulin shock is considered HYPERGLYCEMIA/HYPOGLYCEMIA