UNIT 3: Echinodermata + Chordata

Trait that first appeared in Echinodermata

Deuterostome development

3 Classes of Phylum Echinodermata

Asteroidea: Stars

Echinoidea: Urchins

Holo: Sea cucumbers

Importance of deuterostome development

Anus develops before mouth

Symmetry of echinoderms

Radial, some have pentaradial

Echinoderms are missing these organ systems

Circulatory, excretory, respiratory. Depends on water vascular system and simple diffusion

Nervous system of echinoderms

Central nerve ring, radial nerve, no brain

How echinoderms defend against predators

Stars: Detach limbs

Urchins: Pedicellaria heads

Cucumbers: Internal organs

Environmental role of echinoderms

Sea star: Eats algae, benefits coral

Urchin: Eaten by otters, benefits kelp forest

Cucumbers: Filter sediment, benefits water quality

Four traits that first appeared in Chordata

Post anal tail, pharyngeal slits, dorsal nerve chord, notochord

Subphyla of Chordata and animals to represent

Cephalo: Lancelet

Tunicata: Sea squirts

Vertebrata: Vertebrates

Notochord and what it becomes

Becomes the spine

Dorsal nerve chord and what it becomes

Central nervous system in vertebrates, brain and spinal chord

What traits do C, T and V keep

C: All

T: only during larva stage, loses tail during adult

Pharyngeal slits and what they do for C and T

Gills basically

Post anal tail for Cephalochirdata

Used for swimming

What is central nervous system composed of

Brain and spinal chord

Agnatha

Boneless fish

What unites all of Class Amphibia

Ability to live in water and land

Unites all of Class Aves

Feathers, warm blooded, hollow bones

Unites all of Class Mammalia

Warm blooded, mammary glands, hair or fur