Gross Anatomy Lab Practical

Inferior

Below or towards the feet

(The stomach is inferior to the heart)

Superior

Above or towards the head

(The knee is superior to the foot)

Ventral

Toward the belly side

(The stomach is on the ventral side of the body)

Dorsal

Toward the back side

(The spine is on the dorsal side of the. body)

Anterior

Front of the body

Posterior

Back of the body

Medial

Closer to the midline

(Your nose is medial to your eyes)

Lateral

Further from the midline

(Your ears are lateral to your nose)

Superficial

Closer to the skin or surface

(Superficial cut only affects the outer layers of skin)

Deep

Further inside the body

(Deep cut goes below the skin)

Proximal

Closer to something

Distal

Farther from something

Transverse Plane

The dividing line between the top half of the body and the lower half of the body

Sagittal Plane

The dividing line between the left and the right sides of the body

Frontal Plane

The dividing line between the front and the back parts of the body

Long bone

Longer than it is wide; cylindrical shape, two expanded and rounded edges

Examples:

- Femur; tibia; fubula; humerus; radius and ulna

Short bone

Cube-shaped bones, roughly the same length, width and height

Examples:

- Carpals, tarsals, kneecap

Flat bone

Thin flattened bown often provides protection for internal organs

Examples:

- Skull; ribs; scapula

Irregular bone

A bone that does not fit into the other catagories as it is complex and has a unique shape

Examples:

- Vertebrae, sacrum, maxilla, madible

Sesamoid bone

A small bone embedded within a tendon or muscle

Examples:

- kneecap; metatarsal

Frontal Bone

Nasal Bone

Maxilla

Mandible

Cervical vertebrae (C1-C7)

Thoracic Vertebrae (T1-T11)

Lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5)

Sacrum

Sternum

Ribs

Xiphoid Process

Clavicle

Scapula

Pelvis (Ilium, ischium, pubis)

Humerus

Radius

Ulna

Carpals

Phalanges

Metacarpals

Femur

Tibia

Fibula

Patella

Tarsals (Foot)

Metatarsals (Foot)

Phalanges (Foot)