infections and inequalities midterm

Infectious diseases

disorders that are caused by organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites

Infections

caused by pathogens, presence in the body of a pathogen that may be dormant or active in causing local tissue damage or other changes in body systems 

disease

biological conditions involving tissue damage and body system disruption, can be caused by infections

syndemics

Examining the complex relationship of microbes with other noninfectious diseases and sociocultural conditions like poverty 

four major groups of infectious diseases

viral, bacterial, parasitic, fungal

agency

the ability of individuals to act freely and make their own choices

social structure

patterned arrangements in a society, the distinctive, stable arrangement of institutions  

structural violence

Social arrangements that put individuals and populations in harm’s way 

structural vulnerability

An individual’s or a population groups’ condition of being at risk for negative health outcomes through their interface with socioeconomic, political, and cultural/normative hierarchies  

sex

biological characteristics (chromosomes, hormones, organs, systems) 

gender

characteristics that are socially and culturally constructed (norms, behaviors, roles associated with being a woman/man, relationships with each other) 

“4 H Club” and HIV

hemophiliacs, heroin addicts, homosexuals, haitians  

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) 

Combination of HIV medicines taken everyday, cannot cure HIV, but helps people with HIV live longer and healthier lives 

PrEP 

Pre-exposure prophylaxis, reduces chances of getting HIV from sex or injection drug use 

DOTS (directly observed treatment, short-course

WHO TB control strategy, daily medication for 4-6 months

first line drugs for TB

Rifampin (RIF), Isoniazid (INH), Pyrazinamide (PZA), Ethambutol (EMB) 

Multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB) is resistant to

Rifampin and Isoniazid

XDR-TB (severe form of tuberculosis)

resistant to multiple first-line and second-line anti-TB drugs

Hygiene Hypothesis

reduced exposure to microbes and parasites in early childhood may increase the risk of developing allergic and autoimmune diseases later in life