RESP 120 Final

Know the function of the pulmonary arterial circulation

Know the function of the venous circulation 

Know the function of surfactant

• from type II alveolar epithelial cells, contains lamellar bodies to secrete surfactant

Know the significance of right shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve

• p50 increases

• ↓pH

• ↑PCO2, temperature, DPG

• affects tissue, more unloading to tissues

• ↓affinity for O2, needs more O2 

Know the significance of left shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve

• ↑pH

• ↓PCO2, temperature, BPG

• affects cells

• greater affinity , less O2 needed to get more saturation, less unloading to tissues

Know when the presence of when laminar flow occurs

Know when the presence of when turbulent flow occurs

Know the various types of cells found in the airways

Know the forces that must be overcome for ventilation to occur

Know the purpose of the mucociliary escalator

Know the normal values for all vital signs

• BP: 120/80

• HR: 60-100

• RR: 12-20

• Temperature: 37C

• O2 Saturation: 95-100%

Know the structures of the heart

Know the major components of blood circulation of blood through the heart

Know the major components of blood

• 5L vol normal total ___ value

• proteins

• other solutes

• platelets

• leukocytes

• erythrocytes

Know the structures of the pulmonary system

Know how to interpret acid-base and oxygenation

• pH: 7.35-7.45

  • below 7.35 → acidosis

  • above 7.45 → alkalosis

  • respiratory

  • metabolic

  • ROME

• PaCo2: 35-45

• HCO2: 22-26

• PaO2: 80-100

  • 60-79 mild hypoxemia

  • 40-59 moderate

  • <40 severe

• uncompensated: 1 abnormal value

• partially compensated: all abnormal 

• fully compensated: pH normal, PaCO2 & HCO3 abnormal

• acute alveolar hyperventilation

  • respiratory

Know how acid-base disturbances are compensated

• respiratory: kidneys compensate

• metabolic: lungs compensate

Know how to calculate CaO2

(SaO2 x 1.34 x Hb) + (PaO2 × 0.003)

• SaO2 in decimal form

Know how to calculate PAO2

(Pb - PH20)FiO2 - PaCO2 (1.25)

• Pb= 760

• PH20= 47

• FiO2= air given to pt; 0.21

Know how to calculate A- gradient

• alveolar - arterial

• normal value is 5-15

Know how to calculate VO2

QT (C(a-v)O2 × 10)

normal= 250

Know how to calculate DO2

QT (CaO2 × 10)

normal= 1000

Know how to calculate O2ER

CaO2-CvO2/CaO2

normal= 25%

Know how to calculate Shunt

CcO2-CaO2/ CcO2-CvO2

normal= <10%

10-19% intraapulmonary abnormalities

20-29% significant pulmonary disease

30+% ECMO life threatening

Dalton’s law

Fick’s Law

Graham’s law

Henry’s law

Know how we obtain the respiratory quotient

Know the normal levels of PO2 in the arterial and venous system

Know the normal levels of PCO2 in the arterial and venous system

Know the normal levels SaO2 in the arterial and venous system 

Know the function of the central chemoreceptors

Know the function of the peripheral chemoreceptors

Know how to calculate minute ventilation

Know how to calculate alveolar minute ventilation

Know what is dead space

Know what is a shunt

Know the volumes and capacities of lung function

Know how volumes and capacities of lung function may be affected by obstruction  including FVC and FEV1

Know how volumes and capacities of lung function may be affected by restriction, including FVC and FEV1

Know the various types of abnormal breathing patterns

Know the function of stretch receptors

Know the normal V/Q ratio

Know how much oxygen is consumed under normal circumstances

Know how much carbon dioxide is produced under normal circumstances

Know how CO2 is transported in the blood

Know the role of buffers in regulating acid-base

Know the purpose of the Henderson-Hasselbach equation

Know what is compliance and what conditions affect these

Know what is elastance and what conditions affect these

Know what is airway resistance and what conditions affect these

Know the various ethical principles and how they apply to us as RCPs

Know the steps to the patient-clinician interaction

Know the AHA guidelines when performing CPR

Know the basics of the five COPD conditions 

Know the major changes of aging in the cardiopulmonary system

Know the main function of the kidneys

Know the kidney’s role in acid-base regulation