Rho Chi and LKS review

Primary dyslipidemia is caused by what

Genetic mutation

What are lipoproteins made of?

Chylomicrons, VLDL, HDL

What proteins do chylomicrons receive from HDL when they are in the bloodstream

ApoE and ApoCii

If someone had familial apo cii deficiency what would you see

Increased VLDL and Increased chylomicrons

Which lipoprotein reserves cholesterol transport

HDL

Which of the following are risk factors for developing HTN

diabetes, stress, age

which is described as pressure exerted on arteries throughout the body during one cardiac cycle

mean arterial pressure

which type of HTN has a clear, identifiable cause?

secondary

what structures does angiotensin 2 signal to?

arterioles, adrenal medulla, proximal convulated tubule, thirst center (hypothalamus), posterior pituitary

what drugs can increase hypertension?

caffeine, cortocosteriods, decongestants, NSAIDS

Patients with sleep apnea are _____ likely to develop HTN when compared to those without.

more

which of the following are true about ANP?

ANP reduces the release of aldosterone in the adrenal medulla, ANP inhibits the binding of ATII in the arterioles and decreasing BP

What does the cushing triad consist of

Bradycardia, HTN, Irregular respiration

What is first line for primary and secondary ASCVD prevention?

statins

which of the following are high intensity statin doses

atorvastatin 40 mg and rosuvastatin 20 mg

what is a component of dyslipidemia

increased TC, Increased TG, Increased LDL, decreased HDL

which diet is recommended to use in patients with dyslipidemia

TLC

SF is a 62 year old woman who is a customer at your Giant Eagle Pharmacy.

Her PMH is significant for diabetes and HTN, for which she takes metformin and

lisinopril. She has had no ASCVD events and her recent LDL level at her doctors office

was 170. You are concerned because she is not on statin therapy. Which statin benefit

group does she belong in?

Group 3

SF is categorized into statin benefit group 3. What should her statin therapy be?

Lipitor 20 mg

SF is starting her statin therapy but has some questions about the adverse effects she might experience. What should you tell her?

Myalgia, Mypopathy

SF has been on her statin for 3 weeks now and she comes into the pharmacy for her next refill. When she mentioned having serious muscle pains. What should you tell SF to do?

Stop taking this medication and make an appointment with your doctor

JC is currently taking Lipitor 80mg for her hyperlipidemia. At her recent doctor's

appointment, her LDL levels were continuously high and she is in need of an additional

LDL-lowering agent. She mentioned that she is deathly scared of needles and will not go

near them. What would you recommend for JC

Zetia

CL was recently diagnosed with heterozygous FH. What would you recommend as first line therapy?

crestor

Statins inhibit this enzyme. This enzyme is the rate limiting enzyme in de novo cholesterol biosynthesis. Inhibiting this enzyme prevents the production of mevalonic

acid. What is ____?

HMG CoA reductase

Some statins are prodrugs activated by CYP3A4. ____ is a prodrug statin. Prodrug statins have a half-life less than 4 hours and therefore must be taken at night since max cholesterol synthesis occurs between 12 AM to 2 AM. What is ____?

simvastatin or lovastatin

The main warning for statins relates to muscle damage due to the negative depletion of this byproduct. This byproduct maintains normal muscle health. This byproduct is available OTC. What is ____?

CoQ10

This drug inhibits triglyceride synthesis. It inhibits lipolysis and is a GPR109A receptor agonist. This SPECIFIC extended-release formulation shows less flushing and less hepatotoxicity, which are two notorious side effects of the drug. What is ____?

Niaspan

This drug is from a class of PPAR-alpha agonists that lower blood TG levels. This SPECIFIC drug should especially be avoided in patients on ezetimibe or a statin due to several mechanisms that can lead to an increased risk of myopathies and rhabdomyolysis. What is ____?

Gemfibrizil/Lopid

This STEROID is a structural component of all cell membranes. It can be converted to

bile acids/bile salts. It acts as a biosynthetic precursor to many steroid hormones. What is ____?

Cholesterol

Bile acids and bile salts function to emulsify lipids and vitamin ____, which is ONE SPECIFIC FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMIN, thereby promoting the absorption of these

compounds into the intestinal mucosa into the blood. Vitamin ____ is associated with the production of select blood clotting factors that are essential for controlling bleeding time in all humans

K

____ is ONE SPECIFIC DRUG that can be used to treat dyslipidemia safely in pregnant women. This is because ____ is not orally absorbed into the bloodstream and does not produce systemic side effects. However, ____ could intuitively cause constipation, abdominal pain, cramping, gas, and bloating based on its natural MOA

Welchol

____ is a SPECIFIC DRUG that localizes and appears to act at the brush border of the small intestine, wherein ____ functions to inhibit the oral absorption of dietary cholesterol into the bloodstream by blocking NPC1L1. In turn, ____ causes a reduction of hepaticcholesterol stores and an increased clearance of LDL cholesterol from the blood via upregulation of LDL receptors

Zetia

Cholesterol and TGs are transported in the blood via lipoproteins because they are too non-polar to dissolve in the blood. ____ is the primary transport cholesterol for EXCRETION from the human body. It is also known as the “good cholesterol

HDL

This drug CLASS is commonly associated with the undesirable side effect of eructation (burping). This class is commonly used in patients with very elevated triglycerides. Additionally, this CLASS can undesirably increase LDL levels by up to 44%. What is____?

Fish oils

What brings cholesterol from cells to the liver for degradation

HDL

what is primarily found in HDL

Apoprotein A1

Apolipoprotein C2 mutations may lead to

hyperlipoproteinemia type 1B

Impaired endocytosis of LDL into the liver is the result of which familial Ligand Defective Apoprotein?

Apoprotein B

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory response of the arterial wall initiated by what?

Damage to the endothelium

If a patient is diagnosed with familial hypertriglyceridemia, what would be seen in their labs?

normal cholesterol and elevated TG

hypertension can be associated with what

increased fluid volume, increased cardiac output, increased vasoconstriction, hypertrophy of the arterial walls

which type of hypertension is related to another pathology

secondary

decrease in endothelian can cause an ____ in blood pressure

decrease

all forms of chronic renal disease can destroy all 4 components of the kidney, cumulating in ____ renal failure.

chronic

Massive proteinuria is a symptom of what

nephrotic syndrome

Protein in the urine is caused by damage to the

glomerulus

Chronic renal disease, HTN, and diabetes lead to what

chronic renal failure

what drugs can cause interstitial nephritis

NSAIDS and Thiazides

acute pyleonephritis is most commonly the result of

bacterial reactions

Signs and symptoms of glomerulonephritis include

Generalized edema, proteinuria, hypertension

This drug is a from a class of PPAR alpha agonists that lower blood triglyceride levels. This specific drug should especially be avoided in patients on ezetimibe or a statin due to several mechanisms that can lead to an increased risk if myopathies and rhabdomyolysis. What if___?

Lopid (Genfibrozil)