History of the atomic model
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28 Terms
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Who was the first scientist to theorize the atom?
Democritis
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When did Democritus live?
460-370 BCE (5th century BCE)
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What did Democritus theorize?
He believed that matter was made up of tiny particles that exist in empty space. His idea was based on reason and logic
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Who believed matter was a combination of the four elements, earth, fire, air, and water?
Aristotle
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When did Aristotle live?
384-322 BCE (3rd century BCE)
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How did Aristotle disagree with Democritus?
Aristotle did not believe atoms existed. He thought that empty space couldn't exist
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Who was John Dalton?
The first scientist to conduct experiments.
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What did Daltons experiments show?
From his experiments, he got evidence of chemical reactions and changes in mass
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When did Dalton live?
1766-1844
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What are the five points of Daltons theory of atoms?
1. Elements are made of tiny particles called atoms
2. All atoms of a given element are identical
3. The atoms of a given element are different from those of any other element
4. Atoms of one element can combine with atoms of other elements to form compounds. A given compound always has the same relative numbers and types of atoms
5. Atoms are indivisible in chemical processes. Basically saying atoms are not created or destroyed in chemical reactions. A chemical reaction simply changes the way the atoms are grouped together
2. All atoms of a given element are identical
3. The atoms of a given element are different from those of any other element
4. Atoms of one element can combine with atoms of other elements to form compounds. A given compound always has the same relative numbers and types of atoms
5. Atoms are indivisible in chemical processes. Basically saying atoms are not created or destroyed in chemical reactions. A chemical reaction simply changes the way the atoms are grouped together
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What did dalton think an atom looked like?
A solid ball
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Who discovered the electron?
J.J. Thomson
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When did Thomson live?
1856-1940
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How did Thomson discover the electron?
Using cathode ray tubes
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What did Thomson think an atom was?
A positively charged ball with negatively charged particles embedded inside
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What are some of the names people call Thomson's model of the atom?
Plum pudding model, chocolate chip cookie model, raisin bun model
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Who discovered the nucleus, theorized neutrons and invented the word proton?
Ernest Rutherford
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When did Rutherford live?
1871-1937
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How did Rutherford discover the nucleus?
By shooting alpha particles through a sheet of gold foil. He found that most of the particles went through, showing there had to be empty space, but some bounced back showing there had to be a positively charged nucleus to reflect the particles.
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What did Rutherford think the atom looked like?
He only theorized the neutron
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What did James Chadwick discover?
The neutron
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When did Chadwick live?
1891-1974
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What types of experiments did Chadwick do?
Experiments using radioactive decay
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What did Chadwick think an atom looked like?
Similar to Rutherford
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Who discovered electrons surround the nucleus in distinct energy levels?
Neils Bohr
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When did Bohr live?
1885-1962
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How did Bohr make his discovery?
He produced a line spectra of gases by passing them through electricity
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What does a Bohr diagram look like?
