CHEM10050 : Guiry Lecture 12/13 Aldehydes and Ketones

How is an aldehyde different from a ketone?

a) An aldehyde has a carbonyl group bonded on one side to a minimum of one hydrogen, while a ketone has a carbonyl group and is bonded on both sides to carbon atoms.

b) An aldehyde has a carbonyl group bonded on both sides to carbon atoms, while a ketone has a carbonyl group and is bonded on one side to a minimum of one hydrogen.

c) An aldehyde has a carbonyl group bonded on both sides to carbon atoms, while a ketone has a carbonyl group and is bonded on both sides to carbon atoms.

d) An aldehyde has a carbonyl group bonded on one side to carbon, while a ketone has a carbonyl group and is bonded on both sides to hydrogen.

a) An aldehyde has a carbonyl group bonded on one side to a minimum of one hydrogen, while a ketone has a carbonyl group and is bonded on both sides to carbon atoms.

Which functional groups also contain a carbonyl group?

a) Carboxylic acids, esters, and amides

b) Alcohols, ethers, and alkenes

c) Amines, nitro compounds, and alkyl halides

d) Aldehydes and ketones are the only functional groups that contain a carbonyl group.

a) Carboxylic acids, esters, and amides

What type of bond is formed between the carbon and oxygen atoms in a carbonyl group?

a) S-bond

b) P-bond

c) D-bond

d) T-bond

b) P-bond

What is the hybridization of the carbon and oxygen atoms in a carbonyl group?

a) sp3 for both atoms

b) sp2 for carbon and sp3 for oxygen

c) sp3 for carbon and sp2 for oxygen

d) sp2 for both atoms

b) sp2 for carbon and sp3 for oxygen

What is the bond angle between the carbon and oxygen atoms in a carbonyl group?

a) 90°

b) 105°

c) 120°

d) 180°

c) 120°

Which of the following is true about the planarity of the carbonyl group?

a) The carbonyl group is always planar.

b) The carbonyl group can be planar or non-planar depending on the substituents attached to the carbon atom.

c) The carbonyl group can be planar or non-planar depending on the substituents attached to the oxygen atom.

d) The carbonyl group is never planar.

a) The carbonyl group is always planar.

Which of the following is true about the reactivity of the carbonyl group?

a) The carbonyl group is a powerful electrophile that can react with a wide range of nucleophiles.

b) The carbonyl group is a powerful nucleophile that can react with a wide range of electrophiles.

c) The carbonyl group is a weak electrophile that requires strong nucleophiles to react.

d) The carbonyl group is a weak nucleophile that requires strong electrophiles to react.

a) The carbonyl group is a powerful electrophile that can react with a wide range of nucleophiles.

Which of the following is a characteristic of aldehydes?

a) They have a carbonyl group bonded on both sides

b) They have a carbonyl group bonded on one side to a minimum of one hydrogen

c) They have a carbonyl group bonded on both sides to carbon atoms

d) They have a hydroxyl group bonded on one side to a minimum of one hydrogen

(b) They have a carbonyl group bonded on one side to a minimum of one hydrogen.

Which functional groups contain a carbonyl group?

a) Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters and amides

b) Alcohols, amines, ethers and alkynes

c) Alkenes, alkyl halides, alkanes and alkynes

d) Aldehydes, carboxylic acids, amines and amides

a) Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters and amides

What is the hybridization of the carbon and oxygen atoms in a carbonyl group?

a) sp3 for both carbon and oxygen

b) sp2 for carbon and sp3 for oxygen

c) sp2 for both carbon and oxygen

d) sp3 for carbon and sp2 for oxygen

b) sp2 for carbon and sp3 for oxygen

What is the IUPAC name ending for aldehydes?

a) -one

b) -al

c) -ol

d) -ene

b) -al

What is the IUPAC name ending for ketones?

a) -one

b) -al

c) -ol

d) -ene

a) -one

Which of the following is true about the IUPAC name of aldehydes and ketones?

a) The name is based on the number of carbon atoms in the carbonyl group.

b) The name is based on the position of the carbonyl group in the molecule.

c) The name is based on the length of the carbon chain that includes the carbonyl group.

d) The name is based on the number of functional groups in the molecule.

c) The name is based on the length of the carbon chain that includes the carbonyl group.

What is the IUPAC name of the following compound: CH3CH2CH2CHO?

a) 1-propanal

b) 2-propanal

c) butanal

d) pentanal

a) 1-propanal

What is the IUPAC name of the following compound: CH3COCH3?

a) ethanone

b) propanone

c) butanone

d) pentanone

b) propanone

Which of the following functional groups is NOT a carbonyl group?

a) carboxylic acid

b) ester

c) amide

d) alcohol

d) alcohol

What makes the carbonyl group polar?

a) The carbon-carbon double bond

b) The carbon-oxygen double bond

c) The carbon-oxygen triple bond

d) The carbon-oxygen single bond

b) The carbon-oxygen double bond

What is the geometry around the carbon atom in a carbonyl group?

a) tetrahedral

b) trigonal planar

c) linear

d) trigonal bipyramidal

b) trigonal planar

Why do aldehydes and ketones have lower boiling points than alcohols with the same number of carbon atoms?

a) Aldehydes and ketones cannot form hydrogen bonds with water.

b) Aldehydes and ketones cannot form strong hydrogen bonds between their molecules.

c) Aldehydes and ketones are less dense than alcohols.

d) Aldehydes and ketones are more volatile than alcohols.

b) Aldehydes and ketones cannot form strong hydrogen bonds between their molecules.

Which of the following has a higher boiling point: pentanal or pentanone?

a) pentanal

b) pentanone

c) They have the same boiling point.

d) It depends on the temperature.

a) pentanal

What is the IUPAC name ending for aldehydes?

a) -al

b) -one

c) -ane

d) -ene

a) -al

What is the IUPAC name ending for ketones?

a) -al

b) -one

c) -ane

d) -ene

b) -one

What is the priority given to when naming aldehydes?

a) The carbon chain length

b) The functional group on the carbon chain

c) The location of the carbonyl group

d) The location of the hydrogen atoms

c) The location of the carbonyl group

What is the priority given to when naming ketones?

a) The carbon chain length

b) The functional group on the carbon chain

c) The location of the carbonyl group

d) The location of the hydrogen atoms

a) The carbon chain length

Why do aldehydes and ketones have lower boiling points than alcohols?

a) They have a smaller molecular weight

b) They cannot form strong hydrogen bonds between their molecules

c) They have a higher electronegativity

d) They have a higher vapor pressure

b) They cannot form strong hydrogen bonds between their molecules

Which atom in the carbonyl group can form hydrogen bonds to water?

a) Carbon

b) Hydrogen

c) Oxygen

d) Both carbon and hydrogen

c) Oxygen

What determines the solubility of aldehydes and ketones in water?

a) The length of the carbon chain

b) The presence of functional groups

c) The size and shape of the molecule

d) The polarity of the molecule

d) The polarity of the molecule

What happens when an organic molecule is oxidized?

a) The oxygen content decreases

b) The hydrogen content decreases

c) The oxygen content increases

d) The hydrogen content increases

c) The oxygen content increases

What happens when an organic molecule is reduced?

a) The oxygen content decreases

b) The hydrogen content decreases

c) The oxygen content increases

d) The hydrogen content increases

d) The hydrogen content increases

Which of the following is easily oxidized to carboxylic acids?

a) Aldehydes

b) Ketones

c) Alcohols

d) Amines

a) Aldehydes

What is the main use of chromic acid in organic chemistry?

a) To produce a carboxylic acid

b) To reduce aldehydes

c) To oxidize ketones

d) To reduce ketones

a) To produce a carboxylic acid

How can chromic acid be formed?

a) From chromium trioxide (CrO3) only

b) From sodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O7) only

c) From either chromium trioxide (CrO3) or sodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O7)

d) From chromium oxide (CrO2)

c) From either chromium trioxide (CrO3) or sodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O7)

What happens to the oxidation state of chromium during the oxidation of aldehydes with chromic acid?

a) It is reduced from Cr(VI) to Cr(IV)

b) It is oxidized from Cr(IV) to Cr(VI)

c) It remains unchanged

d) It varies depending on the aldehyde

a) It is reduced from Cr(VI) to Cr(IV)

Can ketones be oxidized by chromic acid?

a) Yes, they can

b) No, they cannot

c) It depends on the ketone

b) No, they cannot

What is the product of the oxidation of aldehydes with Benedict's reagent?

a) A primary alcohol

b) A secondary alcohol

c) A carboxylic acid (or carboxylate ion)

d) A ketone

c) A carboxylic acid (or carboxylate ion)

What is reduced during the Benedict's test for aldehydes?

a) The aldehyde

b) The copper ions

c) The water

d) The citrate ions

b) The copper ions

What type of reaction do aldehydes undergo during reduction?

a) Addition

b) Substitution

c) Elimination

d) Rearrangement

a) Addition

What type of alcohol is produced when a ketone is reduced?

a) Primary

b) Secondary

c) Tertiary

d) Quaternary

b) Secondary

Which functional group undergoes oxidation during the oxidation of aldehydes?

a) Hydroxyl group

b) Carboxyl group

c) Carbonyl group

d) Ester group

c) Carbonyl group

Can all aldehydes be oxidized to carboxylic acids?

a) Yes, all aldehydes can be oxidized to carboxylic acids

b) No, only some aldehydes can be oxidized to carboxylic acids

c) It depends on the oxidizing agent used

d) It depends on the solvent used

b) No, only some aldehydes can be oxidized to carboxylic acids (those that can form hydrates in the presence of water)

What is the product obtained when aldehydes undergo nucleophilic addition with water?

a) Hemiacetal

b) Acetaldehyde

c) Carboxylic acid

d) Ketone

a) Hemiacetal

What is the product obtained when ketones undergo nucleophilic addition with water?

a) Hemiketal

b) Acetone

c) Carboxylic acid

d) Secondary alcohol

a) Hemiketal

Which of the following is not true about the nucleophilic addition reaction of carbonyl group?

a) It involves the addition of a nucleophile to the carbonyl carbon.

b) It results in the formation of a new carbon-oxygen bond.

c) The carbonyl group undergoes elimination reactions.

d) The addition reaction is reversible.

c) The carbonyl group undergoes elimination reactions.

Which of the following reagents is used to reduce aldehydes and ketones to primary and secondary alcohols, respectively?

a) Sodium borohydride (NaBH4)

b) Lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4)

c) Hydrogen gas (H2)

d) Sodium hydride (NaH)

b) Lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4)

Which of the following is the hydride source used for in vivo reduction of ketones and aldehydes?

a) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)

b) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+)

c) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride (NADH)

d) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydride (NADPH)

c) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride (NADH)

Which enzyme is responsible for the reduction of ketone attached to ester by NADH in liver?

a) Alcohol dehydrogenase

b) Aldehyde dehydrogenase

c) Lactate dehydrogenase

d) Esterase

a) Alcohol dehydrogenase

Which of the following is the key step in glucose metabolism converting pyruvate ion to (S)-lactate ion?

a) Oxidative phosphorylation

b) Krebs cycle

c) Nucleophilic addition reaction

d) Reduction reaction

d) Reduction reaction

What is the product obtained when aldehydes undergo oxidation by chromic acid in aqueous acidic solution?

a) Primary alcohol

b) Secondary alcohol

c) Tertiary alcohol

d) Carboxylic acid

d) Carboxylic acid

Which of the following functional groups does not undergo reduction by hydride ion?

a) Carbonyl group

b) Nitro group

c) Imine group

d) Nitrile group

d) Nitrile group

Which of the following ions are reduced to produce a positive Benedict's test?

a) Cu2+ ions

b) Cu+ ions

c) Cu3+ ions

d) Cu4+ ions

a) Cu2+ ions