Reconstruction & Failure of Reconstruction - APUSH Reading Quiz

Civil Rights Act of 1875

Guaranteed equal accommodations in public places (hotels, railroads, and theaters) and prohibited courts from excluding African Americans from juries. Poorly enforced.

Which former Confederate state lasted in military protection from the Army until it reached it's Reconstruction requirements for one year? Which one for nine?

Tennessee , Florida

Scalawags

Democratic nickname for southern Republicans; former Whigs who were interested in economic development for their state and peace between the sections.

Carpetbaggers

Democratic nickname for northern newcomers to the south; investors, missionaries and teachers

Blanche K. Bruce and Hiram Revels

During the Reconstruction era, Republicans in the South sent these two African Americans to the Senate and more than a dozen African Americans to the House of Representatives.

freedmen and freedwomen

These southerners had the greatest adjustment to make during the Reconstruction era.

Negro Baptist and African Methodist Episcopal churches

Black members left, by hundreds of thousands, White-dominated churches for these two churches.

Howard, Atlanta, Fisk, and Morehouse

Name 4 colleges that were established during Reconstruction to prepare African American ministers and teachers.

railroads, steel, labor problems, and money

What 4 things did the Northerners focus on as the South struggled to reorganize its labor system?

Thaddeus Stevens

A Radical Republican who believed in harsh punishments for the South. Leader of the Radical Republicans in Congress.

Charles Sumner

A leader of the Radical republicans along with Thaddeus Stevens. He was from Massachusetts and was in the senate. His two main goals were breaking the power of wealthy planters and ensuring that freedmen could vote

Benjamin Wade

radical republican who endorsed woman's suffrage, rights for labor unions, and civil rights for northern blacks

patronage

the act of giving jobs and government favors (spoils) to your supporters

Jay Gould and James Fisk

Obtained the help of President Grant's brother-in-law in a scheme to corner the gold market and try to cause gold inflation

Credit Mobilier Affair

Gave stocks to influential members of Congress to avoid investigation of profits making (as high as 348%) from government subsidies for building the transcontinental railroad. Caused a tarnish to form on Grant's presidency.

William Tweed

The boss of the local Democratic Party in NYC that masterminded dozens of schemes for helping himself and his cronies steal $200 million from NY's taxpayers.

Thomas Nast

This person and the New York Times exposed "Boss" Tweed and brought about his arrest and imprisonment in 1871.

Horace Greely

Editor of the NY Tribune, who was selected by the reform-minded Republicans as their presidential candidate.

Liberal Republicans

advocated civil service reform, end of railroad subsidies, withdrawal of troops from the South, reduced tarrifs, and freer trade.

Panic of 1873

Grant's second term began with an economic disaster, ____, which rendered thousands of Northern laborers both jobless and homeless.

Black Southerners

Which group was the biggest loser of the Panic of 1873, as preoccupation with the financial crisis diverted the North's attention away from what was happening in the South.

operating farms/plantations, taking factory jobs

What are two examples of jobs women stepped into as a result of the Civil War?

Wyoming Territory

Which place was the first territory or state to grant full suffrage rights to women?

universal male suffrage, property rights for women, debt relief, and modern penal codes

Name some examples of accomplishments of Republican Legislators, done by liberalizing state constitutions.

overhauling the tax system and selling bonds

How did Republican Legislators pay for their accomplishments during reformation? (Ex: establishing hospitals, asylums; building new railroads, roads, bridges; providing state supported public school systems)

Redeemers

Southern conservatives who took control of one state government after another. They all agreed on supporting state's rights, reducing taxes and spending on social programs, and White supremacy.

Ku Klux Klan ("invisible empire")

White supremacy organization that intimidated blacks out of their newly found liberties and White reformers.

Nathaniel Bedford Forrest

Which former Confederate general founded the Ku Klux Klan?

Force Acts of 1870 and 1871

Laws designed to stamp out Ku Klux Klan terrorism in the South

Alexander Stephens

Which former Confederate vice president was later elected as a senator for Georgia?

Black Codes

3 examples of ___ that restricted the rights and movements of African Americans: -They could not rent land nor borrow money to buy land -They could not testify against Whites in court -They had to sign work agreements or they could be arrested for vagrancy

Sharecropping

A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops. (the landlord provides seed and need farm supplies in return for a share, usually half, of the harvest)

Amnesty Act of 1872

Removed the last of the restrictions on ex-Confederates, except for the top leaders, The chief political consequence of the Amnesty Act was that it allowed southern conservatives to vote for Democrats to retake control of state govts.

Rutherford B. Hayes

Governor of Ohio who is the Republican nominee for President in the Election of 1876

Samuel J. Tidden

New York's reform gobernor who fought the corrupt Tweed Ring, who was the Democratic's choice of president in the Election of 1876.

South Carolina, Florida, and Lousiana

What states did Samuel J. Tidden need one electoral vote from to win the election?

Compromise of 1877

Informal deal- the Democrats would allow Hayes to become president. In return, he would: -End federal support for the Republicans in the South -Support the building of a Southern transcontinental railroad.

"New South"

This was called upon by Southern leaders, asking for a society based on industrial development. However, most Southerners remained poor farmers (regardless of race.)