More Indepth 6.1-6.3

Sections 6.1 through 6.3

Technological Change

Significant advancements (e.g., steam engine, spinning jenny) that redefined industries, economic structures, and social relations from 1750 to 1900.

Economic Interests in Imperialism

Nations sought new markets for manufactured goods and raw materials to sustain their industries.

Social Darwinism

A cultural justification for imperialism that propagated the notion of racial superiority, justifying domination over 'inferior' peoples.

Anticolonial Movements

Resistance movements that proliferated in the context of rising nationalism, including rebellions and the formation of new states.

Rudyard Kipling's 'The White Man's Burden'

A poem that encapsulated the paternalistic view of colonialism, urging Western powers to civilize perceived lesser societies.

Nationalism

A desire for national strength and prestige that drove nations to pursue imperial ambitions.

King Leopold II

The Belgian king whose personal rule over the Congo was marked by extreme exploitation and human rights abuses.

The Berlin Conference (1884-1885)

A meeting that established arbitrary borders in Africa without regard to ethnic and cultural make-up due to competition for colonies.

Suez Canal

A crucial trade route completed in 1869 that increased British interests in Egypt and surrounding regions.

Boer Wars

Conflicts (1880-1881, 1899-1902) in South Africa marked by brutal clashes and significant humanitarian crises, resulting from British and Dutch interests.

Independent Territories by 1900

Ethiopia and Liberia were notable exceptions as the only uncolonized African regions.

Unequal Treaties

Agreements that allowed foreign dominance over China without formal colonization, significantly affecting Chinese sovereignty.