Substance Abuse Medication treatment

What are short-term effects of alcohol?

slurred speech, impaired coordination, euphoria, lowered inhibitions, drowsiness

what are long-term health effects of alcohol?

liver disease, cardiovascular problems, cognitive deficits, Wenicke-Korsakoff syndrome

what treatments are used for alcohol use disorder?

CBT, motivational interviewing (MI), naltrexone, disulfiram, 12-step programs

What are short-term effects of caffeine?

Increased heart rate, restlessness, irritability, insomnia

What are long-term effects of caffeine use?

dependence, tolerance, withdrawal symptoms (headache, fatigue)

what is the treatment for caffeine overuse or dependence?

gradual dose reduction, education, behavioral intentions

What are short-term effects of cannabis?

increased appetite, dry mouth, slowed reaction time, impaired memory

What are long-term effects of cannabis use?

cognitive impairment, bronchitis, lack of motivation, potential psychosis

What is the treatment for cannabis use disorder?

CBT, motivational enhancement therapy, contingency management

What are the desired effects of inhalants?

short-term mild euphoria or high

What are short-term effects of inhalants?

Dizziness, slurred speech, confusion, hallucinations

What are long-term effects of inhalant use?

Brain damage, organ damage, sudden death from cardiac arrhythmias

What is the treatment for inhalant use disorder?

No FDA-approved drugs; behavioral therapy may help

What are the desired effects of opioids?

euphoria, pain relief

What are short-term effects of heroin?

Euphoria, drowsiness, nausea, slowed breathing and heart rate

What are long-term effects of heroin use?

Collapsed veins, infections, organ damage, hypoxic brain injury

What treatments are available for opioid use disorder?

Methadone, buprenorphine, naltrexone, contingency management, 12-step programs

What are the desired effects of hallucinogens?

Altered perception, visual/auditory hallucinations, spiritual experiences

What are short-term effects of hallucinogens?

hallucinations, time distortion, paranoia, derealization

What are long-term health effects of hallucinogens?

flashbacks, memory impairment, persistent psychosis

What is the treatment for hallucinogen use disorder?

No FDA-approved drugs; may benefit from supportive therapy and CBT

What are hallucinogens classified as, and how do they affect reality?

Hallucinogens are intoxicants that cause significant disturbances in reality, including flashbacks, panic attacks, psychosis, delirium, and mood/anxiety disorders.

What types of substances are considered hallucinogens?

both natural and synthetic substances, classified as Schedule I controlled substances

What are the psychological and behavioral signs of hallucinogen intoxication?

paranoia, intensified perceptions, impaired judgement, depersonalization/derealization, illusions, hallucinations, and synesthesia (“seeing” sounds or “hearing” colors)

What are the physical symptoms of hallucinogen intoxication?

Dilated pupils, tachycardia, sweating, heart palpitations, blurry vision, uncoordinated movements, and tremors.

What is the treatment for hallucinogen intoxication?

Mild cases: "Talking the patient down", prioritizing safety

Severe cases: short-term use of antipsychotics (e.g., Haldol) or benzodiazepines (e.g., Valium). Physical restraints may be necessary.

What is phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication considered, and what are its key symptoms?

A medical emergency with dangerous, violent side effects. Symptoms include nystagmus, hypertension, tachycardia, high pain threshold, ataxia, unclear speech, sensitivity to sound, hyperthermia, and seizures.

What is the management approach for PCP intoxication?

Supportive care and safety monitoring due to the risk of violence and medical complications.