Macro terms you'll hear constantly

GDP

Market value of final goods and services produced within a country during a given period.

Real GDP

GDP adjusted for changes in the price level.

Nominal GDP

GDP measured using current prices.

Inflation

Sustained increase in the general price level.

Deflation

Sustained decrease in the general price level.

Unemployment Rate

Percentage of the labor force that is unemployed and actively seeking work.

Recession

Significant, broad decline in economic activity.

Business Cycle

Fluctuations in economic activity over time.

Fiscal Policy

Government decisions about spending and taxation.

Monetary Policy

Central-bank actions affecting monetary/financial conditions, often through interest rates.

Interest Rate

Cost of borrowing / return to lending.

Money Supply

Quantity of money in the economy under a specified definition.