Test Questions Exam 3 Botany

What are the different phyla’s in the kingdom Fungi?

Zygomycota, Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, Chytridiomycota, and Glomeromycota.

What characteristics of the fungi show them related to animals?

Chitin in the cells walls instead of cellulose. They store glycogen instead of starch, they are heterotrophic.

What characteristics show that they are related to plants?

They are sessile, they can reproduce by spores, and they absorb nutrients from the soil/environment.

What are the different morphological differences you can find in this kingdom.

You can find either lichenized fungi or non-lichenized fungi.

What are the different forms of heterotrophic nutrition shown in fungi?

There are three, Saprophytic, mutualistic/parasitic, and predatory.

Saprophytic is the decomp of dead animals and plants.

What is the difference between “parasitic” and “predatory” nutrition?

Parasitic nutrition involves the attachment on an animal or plant and getting nutrition from that but not necessarily killing it. Now when it comes to predatory, the fungi will trap and digest the animal or plant, basically killing it.

What is the difference between fungal conidia and fungal spores?

Fungal conidia can only reproduce asexually and are spores. Fungal spores can reproduce asexually or sexually. Conidia’s are spores but not all spores are conidia’s.

Are fungi mainly haploid or diploid?

They are mainly haploid throughout their life. Only undergoing diploid phases during reproduction.

Explain how sexual reproduction happens in fungi?

The fungal cells which are haploid, mate and join and create a diploid nuclei. This then undergoes meiosis to produce haploids spores that then turn into haploid hyphae.

What is plasmogamy? How is it different from Karyogamy?

Plasmogamy is when two haploid cells fuse together with their cytoplasm but their nuclei's do not fuse together. Karyogamy is when the nuclei finally fuse together and now it is a diploid cell completing fertilization.

Why is it important to study fungi?

It is important to study fungi because they give us a better understanding of how diseases work and also how destructive they can be.

What is the difference between ectomycorrhiza and endomycorrhizae?

Ecto is when they hyphae does not enter the root cell. Endo is when they hyphae does enter the root cell and create structures.

How do lichens differ from fungi? What is the importance of lichens?

Lichens are composed of fungi and green algae/cyanobacteria. They rely on this symbiotic relationship to survive. They are important because they are an indicator of air pollution and also great at making barren lands fertile once again.

How do lichens reproduce, having two different organism?

Fungi can reproduce asexually or sexually. Algae can only reproduce asexually. The lichens reproduce asexual by a means using soredia (fungi/algae clumps) which are dispersed by wind.