English Civil War and Glorious Revolution Overview

Petition of Right

Limited king's power over imprisonment, taxes, and soldiers.

Religious Groups

Various factions including Catholics, Anglicans, and Puritans.

James I

King of England (1603-1625), struggled with Parliament.

Charles I

Ignored Petition of Right, executed in 1649.

English Civil War

Conflict between Royalists and Parliament supporters (1641-1645).

Royalists

Supporters of King Charles I during the Civil War.

Cavaliers

Another term for Royalists in the English Civil War.

Roundheads

Supporters of Parliament, mainly Puritans.

Oliver Cromwell

Leader of the Parliament forces, established Commonwealth.

New Model Army

Cromwell's disciplined military force during the Civil War.

Execution of Charles I

First king publicly tried and executed for treason.

Commonwealth

Republican government established by Cromwell after monarchy.

Charles II

Restored monarchy in 1660 after Cromwell's death.

Habeas Corpus

Legal right ensuring trial for every prisoner.

Whigs

Political party opposing James II's succession.

Tories

Political party supporting James II's claim to throne.

Puritan Morality

Cromwell's laws promoting strict religious and moral behavior.

Baroque

Art style characterized by dramatic expression and detail.

Glorious Revolution

Overthrow of James II by William and Mary.

Bill of Rights 1689

Limited royal power, established parliamentary supremacy.

James II

King whose Catholicism led to his overthrow.

William and Mary

Invited to rule England, ensuring Protestantism.

Hanoverians

German royal family that succeeded the Stuarts.

Cabinet

Group of ministers ruling in the monarch's name.

Prime Minister

Leader of the majority party in Parliament.

Rococo

Art style known for its playful and luxurious themes.

Dutch Realism

Art movement focusing on everyday life and realism.

Rembrandt

Famous Dutch painter known for his use of light.

Vermeer

Dutch artist noted for intimate domestic scenes.

Test Act

Law restricting political office to Anglicans.

Charles I's Forced Loans

Financial measures taken by Charles I against Parliament.

Long Parliament

Parliament that lasted from 1640 to 1660.

Cromwell's Conquests

Military campaigns in Scotland and Ireland.

St. Paul's Cathedral

Iconic Baroque architecture in London.

Bach, Vivaldi, Handel

Composers associated with the Baroque music style.