Medical Mycology UTA Bio Special Topics

Aspergillosis

Myotoxins, systemic and fatal disseminated disease, allergy and sequelae(pathology), invasive, inflammatory, granulomatous

Blastomycosis

Blastomyces dermatitidis primary pulmonary stage, dissemination to other body sites, chiefly the skin and bone

Candidiasis

acute, subacute or chronic to episodic, localized to the mouth, throat, skin, scalp, vagina, fingers, nails, bronchi, lungs, or the gastrointestinal tract, or become systemic as in septicaemia, endocarditis and meningitis

Chromoblastomycosis

dematiaceous (brown-pigmented), planate-dividing, rounded sclerotic bodies, Infections are caused by the traumatic implantation of fungal elements into the skin, common in bare footed populations living in tropical regions

Coccidioidomycosis

typically resolves rapidly , may progress to a chronic pulmonary condition or as a systemic disease involving the meninges, bones, joints and subcutaneous and cutaneous tissues

Cryptococcosis

Primary pulmonary infections have no diagnostic symptoms and are usually subclinical, predilection for the central nervous system, however skin, bones and other visceral organs may also become involved

Dermatophytosis (Ringworm and Tinea)

Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton

-dermatophytes which have the ability to utilize keratin as a nutrient source,

-No living tissue is invaded, induces an allergic and inflammatory eczematous response in the host,

-are the only fungi that have evolved a dependency on human or animal infection

Geophilic species

- keratin-utilizing soil saprophytes (e.g., M. gypseum, T. ajelloi).

Zoophilic species

- keratin-utilizing on hosts - living animals (e.g., M. canis, T. verrucosum).

Anthropophilic species

- keratin-utilizing on hosts - humans (e.g., M. audounii, T. tonsurans)

•tinea capitis

- ringworm infection of the head, scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes

•tinea favosa

- ringworm infection of the scalp (crusty hair)

•tinea corporis

- ringworm infection of the body (smooth skin)

•tinea cruris

- ringworm infection of the groin (jock itch)

•tinea unguium

- ringworm infection of the nails

•tinea barbae

- ringworm infection of the beard

•tinea manuum

- ringworm infection of the hand

•tinea pedis

- ringworm infection of the foot (athlete's foot)

Microsporum

- infections on skin and hair

Epidermophyton

- infections on skin and nails

Trichophyton

- infections on skin, hair, and nails

Epidermophyton floccosum

tinea(ringworm, athlete's foot and jock itch) pedis, tinea cruris, tinea corporis and onychomycosis

Microsporum audouinii

non-inflammatory infections of scalp and skin especially in children, Absence of conidia and poor or absence of growth on polished rice grains

Microsporum canis

ringworm in humans, especially children. Invades hair, skin and rarely nails. Cats and dogs are the main sources of infection, Distinctive macroconidia and culture characteristics, Abundant growth and sporulation on polished rice grains

Microsporum ferrugineum

epidemic juvenile tinea capitis in humans, Invaded hairs show an ectothrix infection(no invasion, confined to hair surface) and fluoresce a greenish-yellow under Wood's ultra-violet light

Microsporum ferrugineum

distinctive "bamboo" hyphae

Microsporum gypseum

animals and humans, particularly children and rural workers during warm humid weather, Distinctive macroconidia and culture characteristics.

Microsporum nanum

chronic non-inflammatory lesions in pigs and a rare cause of tinea in humans, but do not fluoresce under Wood's Ultra-Violet light, Distinctive macroconidia and culture characteristics.

Trichophyton concentricum

-non-inflammatory tinea corporis known as tinea imbricata because of the concentric rings of scaling it produces ,

-Pacific Islands of Oceania, South East Asia and Central and South America,

-Clinical disease, geographical distribution and culture characteristics

Trichophyton equinum

equine ringworm and rare infections in humans,

-Most strains require nicotinic acid for growth except those from Australia and New Zealand, which are autotrophic

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Microscopic morphology, culture characteristics, nicotinic acid requirement and clinical lesions in horses

Trichophyton equinum

nicotinic acid requirement and clinical lesions in horses

Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale

common cause of tinea pedis, particularly the vesicular type, tinea corporis and sometimes superficial nail plate invasion,

Culture characteristics, microscopic morphology and in vitro perforation of human hair

Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes.

animal hosts including mice, guinea pigs, kangaroos, cats, horses, sheep and rabbits,

-Produces inflammatory skin or scalp lesions in humans, particularly in rural workers,

-Culture characteristics, microscopic morphology and clinical disease with known animal contacts

Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. quinckeanum

"mouse favus" seen on mice as thick saucer-shaped yellow crusted lesions called scutula

-Culture characteristics, microscopic morphology, contact with mice, odour and rapid urease test,

-Often associated with mice plagues in the Australian Wheat Belt

Trichophyton rubrum

most common and widely distributed dermatophyte of humans.

It frequently causes chronic infections of skin, nails and rarely scalp, Culture characteristics, microscopic morphology and failure to perforate hair in vitro

Trichophyton schoenleinii

chronic, scarring form of tinea capitis characterized by saucer-shaped crusted lesions or scutula and permanent hair loss

Eurasia and Africa, Culture characteristics,

microscopic morphology showing favic chandeliers and clinical disease

Trichophyton schoenleinii

microscopic morphology showing favic chandeliers and clinical disease

Trichophyton soudanense

frequent cause of tinea capitis in Africa, Africa with occasional isolates from Europe, Brazil and USA,

-Culture characteristics and microscopic morphology showing reflexive hyphal branching and endothrix invasion of hair

Trichophyton soudanense

microscopic morphology showing reflexive hyphal branching and endothrix invasion of hair

Trichophyton tonsurans

inflammatory or chronic non-inflammatory finely scaling lesions of skin, nails and scalp,

-common cause of tinea capitis in the Australian Aborigine and in the African-American population,

-Microscopic morphology culture characteristics, endothrix invasion of hairs and partial thiamine requirements

Trichophyton tonsurans

common cause of tinea capitis in the Australian Aborigine and in the African-American population

Trichophyton verrucosum

zoophilic fungus causing ringworm in cattle, Infections in humans result from direct contact with cattle or infected fomites and are usually highly inflammatory ,

Culture characteristics and requirements for thiamine and inositol, large ectothrix invasion of hair, clinical lesions and history

Trichophyton violaceum

causing inflammatory or chronic non-inflammatory finely scaling lesions of skin, nails, beard and scalp, producing the so-called "black-dot" tinea capitis,

-World-wide, particularly in the near East, Eastern Europe, U.S.S.R. and North Africa,

-Culture characteristics, partial thiamine requirement and endothrix hair invasion