Assessing Vital Signs and Heart Sounds Lab

the left ventricle

pulse

the highest pressure point

systole

the lowest pressure point

diastole

newborn: average BPM

125

12 yr male: average BPM

85

12 yr female: average BPM

90

18 yr male: average BPM

70

18 yr female: average BPM

75

athlete: average BPM

50-60

adult: average BPM

75

aging: average BPM

75

normal limits of newborn

70-190

normal limits of 12 yr male

65-105

normal limits of 12 yr female

70-110

normal limits of 18 yr male

50-90

normal limits of 18 yr female

55-95

normal limits of an athlete

50-100

normal limits of an adult

60-80

normal limits of an aging

60-100

dehydration INCREASES/DECREASES heart rate and INCREASES/DECREASES blood volume

increases, decreases

anxiety INCREASES/DECREASES heart rate

increases

medication in which normally expect linear relationship between exercise and BPM, but these patients have a bunted HR response to exercise

beta blockers

force of pulse scale; absent

0

force of pulse scale; diminished, weak, thready

1+

force of pulse scale; decreased stroke volume

1+

force of pulse scale; normal

2+

force of pulse scale; moderately increased

3+

force of pulse scale; slightly increased SV and EF, exercise, stress, anxiety

3+

force of pulse scale; markedly increased, bounding

4+

force of pulse scale; increased SV and EF

4+

normal resting RR (breaths/min): birth-3 mo.

35-55

normal resting RR (breaths/min): 1-3 yr

20-30

normal resting RR (breaths/min): 3-6 yr

20-26

normal resting RR (breaths/min): 6-10 yr

15-25

normal resting RR (breaths/min): 10-16 yr

12-30

normal resting RR (breaths/min): 18 yr

12-20

normal resting RR (breaths/min): typical healthy adult

10-12

measurement of the force of blood pushing against the side of the arterial wall

blood pressure

part of a stethoscope; used for high-pitched sounds; lung, normal heart

diaphragm

part of a stethoscope; used for low-pitched sounds; abnormal heart, S3, S4

bell

Arm cuff size - bladder LENGTH should be ____% of arm circumference

80%

Arm cuff size - bladder WIDTHshould be ____% of arm circumference

40%

series of sounds heard through the stethoscope; S1 and S2

Korotkoff sounds

first Korotkoff sounds heard as release pressure

systolic BP

Korotkoff sound: silence to snapping (faint tapping); 120 mmHg

1

Korotkoff sound: snapping to murmur (swishing); 107 mmHg

2

Korotkoff sound: murmur to thumping (distinct tapping); 90 mmHg

3

Between what two Korotkoff sounds is there a gap?

2, 3

Korotkoff sound: thumping to muffling; 85 mmHg

4

Korotkoff sound: muffling to silence; 80 mmHg

5

At what Korotkoff sound can a potential auscult be heard?

2

The cuff is inflated 20-30 mmHg beyond the cuff inflation value in order to avoid the _______ ____ when Korotkoff's sounds temporarily disappear during auscultation and falsely low readings.

auscultatory gap

optimal resting BP (systolic/diastolic)

<120/<80

prehypertension BP (systolic/diastolic)

120-139/80-89

hypertension stage 1 BP (systolic/diastolic)

140-159/90-99

hypertension stage 2 BP (systolic/diastolic)

>160/>100

With aging, systolic and diastolic BP tends to INCREASE/DECREASE 2 degrees in less compliant arteries.

increase

ACSM exercise contraindication for resting BP (systolic/diastolic)

>200/>110

ACSM exercise contraindication for exercise BP in low risk adults (systolic/diastolic)

>250/>115

ACSM exercise contraindication for exercise BP in cardiac patients: INCREASE/DECREASE in systolic BP

decrease (by 10)

What is considered a normal increase or decrease in diastolic BP for young and trained athletes with exercise?

<10

Diastolic BP in older, aging individuals with exercise: diastolic should not vary, abnormal INCREASES/DECREASES observed with CAD, CABG, HTN and compensated CHF

increases

Orthostatic hypotension = supine to stand or sit to stand: decrease >___ mm SBP or decrease > ___ mm SBP and DBP with concomitant pulse INCREASE/DECREASE of >15 BPM (within 3 minutes)

20, 10, increase

Is the lub or dub louder?

lub

occurs at onset of ventricular systole (closure of AV valves)

S1

occurs at onset of ventricular diastole (closure of semilunar valves)

S2

occurs immediately following S2 in early ventricular diastole (CHF, normal in healthy young adults)

S3

immediately precedes S1, occurs in late ventricular diastole (hypertensive and coronary heart disease, MI, CABG)

S4

indicates blood regurgitation through the valves - mitral regurgitation, aortic stenosis

murmur

heart rubs against inflamed pericardium or lung pleura; pericarditis

pericardial friction rub