Intelligence Testing Vocabulary Flashcards

Flashcards covering key concepts and vocabulary related to intelligence testing, its historical perspective, and measurement.

Intelligence

The ability to learn and to meet the demands of the environment effectively.

Metacognition

The ability to understand and control one’s mental activities.

Standardization

The process of ensuring that tests are administered and scored consistently across different testing situations.

Mental Age (MA)

The age at which an individual is performing intellectually, as determined by standardized tests.

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

A score derived from standardized tests that assesses intelligence, calculated as (MA/CA) x 100.

General intelligence (g -factor)

A concept proposed by Spearman that refers to the general cognitive ability underlying specific mental skills.

Fluid Intelligence

The ability to deal with novel problem-solving situations without any previous knowledge.

Crystallized Intelligence

The ability to apply previously learned knowledge to current problems.

Multiple Intelligences

Howard Gardner’s theory proposing nine relatively independent intelligences, including linguistic, mathematical, and visual-spatial.

Reliability of IQ tests

Refers to the consistency of test scores over time, often correlating in the .90s.

Validity of IQ tests

The degree to which an IQ test is a valid indicator of intelligence, particularly academic or verbal intelligence.

Intellectual disability

A diagnosis based on IQ and adaptive skill deficits; characterized by an IQ 2 or more standard deviations below the mean.

Giftedness

An identification often based on IQ, typically defined as an IQ 2 standard deviations or more above the mean.

Adaptive Skill Deficits

Limitations in the skills required for daily living and psychosocial adaptation.

Bioecological model of intelligence

Stephen Ceci’s model proposing that intelligence arises from the interaction of innate potential, environment, and motivation.

Terman's findings on giftedness

Contradicted stereotypes about gifted individuals, suggesting they are not necessarily weak or socially inept.