Transport and Sorting of Proteins: Overview of Protein Localization in Cells

A collection of flashcards covering key concepts related to protein transport and sorting in cells.

Protein Localization

The process by which cells manage the localization of proteins necessary for their proper functioning.

Insulin Receptors

Proteins that must be present in the plasma membrane to effectively function in hormone signaling.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

An organelle that requires specific proteins for its function and where co-translational protein translocation occurs.

Ribosomes

Cellular structures that can be found free in the cytosol or attached to the rough ER, affecting protein fate depending on their location.

Signal Peptides

N-terminal sequences on secreted proteins typically between 16-30 amino acids that direct localization.

Signal Recognition Particle (SRP)

A protein-RNA complex that binds to signal peptides and directs polypeptides to the ER.

Translocon

A protein-conducting channel composed of sec61 proteins that allows the passage of polypeptides into the ER lumen.

Glycosylation

The addition of carbohydrates to proteins, crucial for proper folding and protein stability.

Co-translational Protein Translocation

The process by which proteins are translocated into the ER during their synthesis.

GPI-anchored Proteins

Proteins inserted as type I membrane proteins through cleavage and transfer to a GPI anchor.

Signal Sequences

Specific amino acid sequences that direct proteins to their correct cellular destinations.