Cells Quiz 1

The Endomembrane System

The Endomembrane System

organelle in a Eukaryote that play a role in creating/transporting proteins

Nucleus

a hollow sphere made of 2 phospholipid bilayers (2 layers of fat)

PROTECTS the DNA

large central circle (there is a smaller circle inside it)

Nuclear Membrane

Phospholipid bilayers (2 layers of fat) surrounds nucleus with special holes

Nuclear pores

regulate what goes in and out

Transcription

process is making a quick cheap copy

quick cheap copy= mRNA

script= tells you what to do

Gene

segment of your DNA that tells you how to make or do 1 thing

Ribosomes

small dot-like structures (balls/spheres) in cells

it makes the primary structure of a protein/ribosomlocated on RER or cytoplasm

Polypeptide Chain

NOT a protein until it is folded

bond between amino acids

Translation

reading mRNA and making a polypeptide chain

nucleic acid (mRNA) to make a Polypeptide chain (protein)

Large subunit

top segment of the ribosome

Small subunit

bottom segment of the ribosome

Nucleolus

Helps make the ribosomes (makes the rRNA)

site of rRNA synthesis

dark area in the nucleus- (circle/o inside of the word nucleus-)

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

ribosomes pushes the polypeptide chain into the ___

function: folds polypeptide chain into a protein before it exists the cell

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

Functions: makes lipids

breaks down/detoxifies drugs/toxins

Vesicles

membrane around any substance that might need protection besides an organ/organelle

made of lipid

Transport Vesicle

move “stuff” around the inside of the cell, from organelle to organelle

going to travel to another organelle

Secretory Vesicle

move or SECRETE “stuff” out of the cell (cell membrane)

Golgi Apparatus

modifies “the protein”(could be any macromolecule) and packages it into a secretory vesicle

folded membrane (NOT attached to the nucleus-)

Exocytosis

Secretory Vesicles merge with the cell membrane and cause ONLY the “protein” to leave the cell (cytoplasm) by __________

Eukaryotes

Have a Nucleus

Unicellular or Multicellular

Can be anything besides bacteria

Prokaryotes

No Nucleus- nucleoid

All Unicellular

All Bacteria

do NOT have membrane bound organelles, but they DO have non-membrane bound organelles.

Phospholipid

type of lipid used in a membrane

Hydrophillic

____________ head attracts to water

polar

Hydrophobic

___________ tail repels water

nonpolar