Psychotherapy ALLES

mental disorders

the experience of recurrent feelings, thoughts, behaviours, or bodily sensations that are unwanted, intolerable, abnormal, absurd or unonctrollable

non-directive therapy

the therapist does not give direct advice, homework or assignments. change occurs through the process self.

directive therapy

less emphasis on the on the therapeutic relationship. more on specific treatment procedures.

hypnotherapy

uses hypnosis to achieve pain reduction, relaxation, and specific mental states

solution-focused therapy

encourages patients to focus less on problems, more on solutions.

acceptance and commitment therapy

teaches interna experiences cannot be fully controlled. encourages patients to focus on relevant goals and developments.

english butlers

automatic processes work efficiently without attracting attention

teasdale analysis of depression

negative self-beliefs are broad schematic networks, rather than isolated thoughts.

behaviour therapy

therapy form that has an action-oriented approach. focused on modifying unhealthy, learned habits. rather than digging into the underlaying psychological origins

function analysis

how is the behaviour learned, and how can it be unlearned

SORCK analysis

Stimulus - organism - response - consequence- kontingency

reinforcement patterns

how the behaviour-consequence relationship has been learned and how strongly it is maintained

client-centered therapy

empowers the client to be an equal part of the healing process, they are the expert of their own story (Carl Rogers)

actualizing tendency

natural tendency to grow.

congurence

harmony between a person's self-concept and their ideal self

common therapeutic factors

factors that are present across different types of therapy that contribute to the improvement of clients and drive therapuetic change (trust, empathy, hope)

therapist responsiveness

the ability of the therapist to adapt their behaviour, interventions, and relational approach to the client in the moment

FIS (facilitative interpersonal skills)

a set of core relational and communication skills tha thelp therapists to facilitate change

focusing-oriented therapy

> Eugene Gendlin: based on the idea that therapeutic change occurs when people attend to a felt sense

felt sense

Awareness of body sensations related to emotions.

cognitive therapy

a talk therapy that treats distressing emotional repsonses and behaviours by identifying and correcting unhelpful, inaccurate thought patterns

beckian theory

proposes that life events trigger negative automatic thoughts, which activate deeper cognitive structures, contributing to psychological disorders

negative automatic thoughts (NATs)

automatic, intrustive, semi-conscious, uncritically accepted thoughts.

socratic questioning

technique used to help clients examine and challenge their NATs. the therapist asks questions to help clients to evaluate that for themselves

pie chart technique

make a list of the believability of the explanations of the symptoms in a patient with illness anxiety

behavioural experiment technique

a technique used to test whether a client's beliefs or core assumptions are actually true in real life

propositional representations

things we do and think

associative representations

automatic reactions

holistic representatations

schemas from childhood

opposition

asking too much for the patient's liking

resistance

mismatch with the client

legitimated therapist

expert, trustworthy, attractive

attune

feelings of understanding increase openness to suggestions

evoking message

verbal, vocal, or nonverbal communication a client sends that unconsciously pulls the therapist to react in a specific way.

impact message

emotional reactions, thoughts, and action tendencies that a patient unconsciously induces in their therapist

metacommunication

the non-verbal and implicit messages that accompany the verbal message, influencing how the receiver interprets the message

a-social responses

use the behaviour of the client to get them to change

therapist drift

the therapist deviates from the established treatment protocols

strategic maneuvering

Initially adapt to the patient's preferred interaction style.

Build cooperation and reduce resistance.

Gradually guide the relationship toward the desired therapeutic position.

Initial Complementary Stance

At first show strong understandance for the patient. After trust develops, therapists gradually introduce alternative perspectives and gently challenge the patient's views.

family life cycle

explains how families develop and adapt over time. they are influences by stressors

vertical stressors

influences that are transmitted across generations

horizontal stressors

transitions that families experience during their life cycle.

multi family therapy

a group psychotherapy approach that treats multiple families dealing with similair issues at the same time. families will learn from each other

emotionally focused therapy

help insecurely attached people in a relationship to identify negative interaction patterns, and build secure emotional bonds

social conformity

changing your behaviours in order to fit in or get along with people around

holding

feeling of being in a safe space to share your feelings

therapeutic factors

factors that help get the most out of the group

group culture

shared behaviours, values, and attitudes that dictate how members of a group interact and make choices.

group roles

a recognizable combination of behaviours that group members over time will associate with a certain group member

the help rejecting complainer

asking for help but rejecting any help that is offered

the scapegoat

the one bullied by the rest of the group

deviant member

always raising new issues, critique points or emotions

plant

someone who is very good and creative in coming up with new solutions/ideas

introduction phase/parallel phase

patients are parallel with each other in interaction with the therapist

authority crisis

the group knows what the therapist has to say, they want more influence for themselves

affectionate/inclusion phase

patients start to get to know each other and form relationships

intimacy crisis

can i open up about my feelings? how will the others react

final/termination phase

therapy ends, the group splits up.

situational leadership

leaders change their behaviours according to the circumstances of the group.

practical eclecticism

strategy of using multiple, diverse treatments. applying the treatment which works best for the situation

dodo bird verdict

claims that all major psychological therapies are comparably effective.

psychodynamic psychotherapy

> Freud. explores how unconscious thoughts, emotions and early childhood experiences shape your current behaviour and relationships

the conscious mind

thoughts, feelings, actions you are actively aware of

the preconscious mind

just below the surface of active awareness, infor is not acitively conscious, but can be easily retrieved

the unconscious mind

cannot acces this part through normal thinking. primitive thoughts, urges, fears, unacceptable sexual desires, traumatic memories

Freud's topographical model of the mind

describes the mind of having 3 levels of awareness

Freud's structural model of the mind

devides the human psyche into 3 interacting theoretical constructs

id

primitive, urges

pleasure principle

seeking immediate gratification (id)

super ego

social component. standards and moral values

ego

rational part. balances the id and super ego

reality principle

seeking to satisfy the id's desires in a realistic and acceptable way

defence mechanisms

unconscious strategies to help manage inner tention

repression

keeping painful thoughts out of the awareness

denial

refusing to accept a painful or threatening reality

somatization

painful feelings are converted into physical symptoms

identification

unconsciously taking on qualities, feelings or behaviours of another person

free association

encouraging the patient to verbalize thoughts, feelings, and memories without censorship

working with resistance

noticing when a patient avoids difficult feelings.

transference interpretation

helping patients recognize and explore how old relationships affect the therapeutic experience

Dream analysis

dreams are the road to the unconscious, analysing them to explore fears, wishes, etc.

brief psychodynamic psychotherapy

shorter version of psychoanalysis. more focused on specific issues

core conflictual relationship thema (CCRT)

a map of the patient's patterns that are common in their relationship > wish, repsonse from others, response from self

intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy

brief, emotion focused form of pscyhodynamic therapy. a very active, confrontational form

pressure

encourage focusing on emotions, rather than avoiding them

challenge

pointing out defences when they block an emotional experience

head-on collision

clarifying how defences keep the patient stuck and inviting active collaboration

borderline personality disorder

a pattern of instability in relationships, self-image, and affects.

dialectual behaviour therapy

> marsha Lineham. designed for individuals who experience emotions intensely. combines CBT with mindfulness to help acceptance of the circumstances with actionalbe behavioural changes

schema therpay

> Jeffery Young. targets deep rooted schemas and coping styples developed when basic needs of a child are not met

limited reparenting

strengthening the healthy adult but also caring for the abused child