exam 1: membrane trasport mechanisms

active transport

movement of molecules against the concentration gradient which requires energy (Active = Against+Energy)

primary active transport

uses ATP energy to move molecules/ions against their concentration gradient (Primary = ATP powers the pump directly)

secondary active transport

uses the energy from one molecule moving down its concentration gradient to move another molecule against its gradient (One goes DOWN - powers another UP)

bulk transport

moves large substances or large amounts of material across the cell membrane using vesicles (Bulk = BIG stuff0

Endocytosis

Moves material into the cell

exocytosis

moves material out of the cell

receptor-mediated endocytosis

specific molecules bind to receptors, and the cell pulls them inside a vesicle

pinocytosis

the cell takes in droplets of fluid and dissolved substances from its surroundings