NCLEX REVIEW

Cardiac muscle is located in the __________ and is responsible for __________ blood throughout the body.

heart; pumping

Smooth muscle tissue is found in the walls of __________ and is involved in functions like __________ and __________.

hollow organs; peristalsis; vasoconstriction

Skeletal muscle tissue is attached to __________ by __________ and is responsible for __________ and __________.

bones; tendons; movement; locomotion

Muscle contractions generate __________ through cellular respiration to help maintain __________.

heat; normal body temperature

The __________ is the cell membrane of a muscle fiber, while the __________ is the cytoplasm.

sarcolemma; sarcoplasm

The process of water molecules moving across a semipermeable membrane from higher water concentration to lower is called __________.

osmosis

A solution has a lower concentration of dissolved particles than the cell; this is referred to as __________.

hypotonic

The movement of large molecules into a cell via vesicle formation is called __________, whereas the release of substances by a cell is known as __________.

endocytosis; exocytosis

In the scientific method, a __________ is an educated guess, while a __________ is an explanation based on repeated observations and experiments.

hypothesis; theory

The brain monitors thyroxine levels and regulates TSH release through a mechanism known as __________.

negative feedback

Animal cells have __________ that serve as the 'powerhouse' or 'energy factory' by producing __________.

mitochondria; ATP

Cilia are __________ cellular extensions that move substances along the cell surface, while __________ are tiny, fingerlike extensions that increase surface area.

whiplike; microvilli

The central role of the __________ system is communication within the body via hormones to maintain __________.

endocrine; homeostasis

The insertion of ribosomes onto rough ER transforms it into __________, which is responsible for synthesizing proteins.

Rough ER

Skeletal muscles contract in response to signals from the __________ system, triggering the shortening of __________ during contraction.

nervous; sarcomeres

The __________ system provides protection against infection and helps defend against microbial pathogens.

lymphatic / immune

The __________ plane divides the body into front and back halves, while the __________ plane divides it into right and left halves.

frontal; sagittal

During __________, the tRNA anticodon pairs with the mRNA codon to synthesize proteins in the __________.

translation; cytoplasm