Module 5 dispersion system fr book

Gel terminology describing the taking up of a certain amount of liquid without a measurable increase in volume

Imbibition

Identify this term:

Absorbs liquid —> increase in volume

Swelling

Identify this gel terminology:

Gel shrinking

Syneresis

Identify this gel terminology:

Reversible gel—-sol formation

Thixotropy

Identify this gel terminology:

Liquid is removed and only the framework remains

Xerogel

provide the facts of the ff suspension:

Flocculated (5)

1.Particle char:

2.Sedimentation rate

3.Sedimentation formation:

4.Sediment

5.Appearance

provide the facts of the ff suspension:

Flocculated (5)

1.Particle char: Forms LOOSe aggregates

2.Sedimentation rate: High

3.Sedimentation formation: Rapid

4.Sediment: Loosely packed redispersible

5.Appearance: Not pharmaceutically elegant

mne: flocc sounds like a fool so flocculated is a fool who is (loose) in the head and always (high) also jittery(rapid) and is everywhere (redispersible) so hes (not pharmaceutically elegant)

opposite to defloc

provide the facts of the ff suspension:

DeFlocculated (5)

1.Particle char:

2.Sedimentation rate

3.Sedimentation formation:

4.Sediment

5.Appearance

1.Particle char: Exist sa SEPARATE  entities

2.Sedimentation rate: Slow

3. Sedimentation formation: slow

4.Sediment: Closely packed—> caking

5.Appearance: pharmaceutically elegant

mne: defloc is the improved version of floc

elegant, composed (closelypacked—caking) although its hard to maintain her compusre it times she cakes, the process to be better was (slow) it took time and since shes better sihe (exist separately fr the rest as an entity to keep the composure)…. hits ahhh

The appropriate sedimentation volume (F) ?___

since this means no sediment is apparaent and caking is asbent; and the suspension is considered aesthetically pleasing 

F=1

Identify the mechanism of preservatives:

(5)

H-i-L-o-c-i

mne: hilo ci pres (ehe) nagkacrush kang pres.

—Hydrolysis

—inh of cell metab by interfr wt enz systems inh of cell wal synth

—Lysis

-oxidation cell const

—Cytoplasmic leakage

—Irreversible cough of cytoplasmic const

identify if the ff is wet milling or dry milling? 

colloid mill & homogenizers 

wet milling

which is preferred regarding suspension high viscosity or low viscosity and why?

Too high viscosity is not desirable as it causes difficulty in pouring and administration.

Identify the moa of the ff preservative?

Benzoic acid, boric acid, p-hydroxybenzoates

Denaturation of proteins

mne: D

DNA of P si ben

Identify the moa of the ff preservative?

Phenols and chlorinated phenolic compounds

Lytic and denaturation action on cytoplasmic membranes and for chlorinated preservatives

oxidation of enz

mne: LODs nako si Phenol kay Chlo siya

L-lytic

O- ox of enz

D-denatu on Cyto mem

Identify the moa of the ff preservative?

Alcohol

Lytic and denaturation action on membrane

mne:

DL ko nahan ug alcohol (ipilit natn)

Identify the moa of the ff preservative?

Quaternary compounds

Lytic action on membrane

mne:L

lytic si Q

Identify the moa of the ff preservative?

Mercury

Denaturation of enzymes by combining with thiol (-SH) groups

What are the 4 types of emulsifying agents?

N-F-S-H

1. Natural

2. finely divided solids

3. synthetic

4. High MW (alcohols)

Classify the examples of natural group emulsifying agents?

2 types then examples each

1. Carbohydrate materials: Acacia, tragacanth, Agar, Chrondus, Pectin, MCC

2. Protein substances:

—> egg yolk, casein, gelatin.

Classify the examples of natural group emulsifying agents?

Identify this if:

a.Pharmaceutical aerosol,

b.Pressurized package,

c. Propellant

Pressurized dosage forms that upon actuation, emit a fine dispersion of liquid and/or solid materials containing one or more active ingredients in a gaseous medium

Pharmaceutical AEROSOL

mne: api na pressurized dosage form

Identify this if:

a.Pharmaceutical aerosol,

b.Pressurized package,

c. Propellant

: Referring to the aerosol container or completed product

Pressurized package

Identify this if:

a.Pharmaceutical aerosol,

b.Pressurized package,

c. Propellant

Compressed inert gasthat serves to dispensethe contents of an aerosol container when the pressure is released

Propellant

Identify the suspending agents of the following types:

Natural polysaccharides (4)

mne: has gums except (sodium alginate)

T_A_G_S

Tragacanth

acacia

Guar gum

Sodium alginate

Identify the suspending agents of the following types:

Semi synthetic polysaccharides (3)

mne: has cellulose

Methylcellulose,

Hydroxyethylcellulose

Microcrstalline cellulose

Identify the suspending agents of the following types:

Clays-mainly hydrated silicates(2)

Bentonite and veegum

mne: si ben10 eya kalaban si veelgax

Identify the suspending agents of the following types:

Synthetic thickeners

Colloidal silicon dioxide

Polyvinyl alcohol

identify the the ranges of the ff electrolytes in a TPN prep:

1. Na(sodium): ____meq?

2. K(potassium)

3. Mg (magnesium)

4. Ca(calcium)

5. P(Phosphate)

6. CI (chloride)