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Astronomy
The study of the moon, stars, and other objects in space
Universe
Space and all the matter and energy in it
Parsec
A unit of distance that is equal to 3.26 light years (about 31 trillion km). Measures distances to astronomical objects outside the solar system.
Light year
The distance that light travels in one year (about 9.5 trillion km). Measures distances between stars in the Milky Way.
Astronomical Unit (AU)
The average distance between the earth and the sun (about 150 million km). Measures distances in our Solar System.
Describe how Australian Indigenous peoples used the stars
Position of the sun shows the changing of seasons
Constellations and patterns in the movement of astronomical objects at different times of the year would should them where to hunt and define different seasons
Australian Indigenous peoples were considered the first astronomers
Oldest structure related to movement of astronomical objects that is 11,000 y.o is located in Australia. Dreamtime stories related to constellations indicate seasons.
parts of the electromagnetic spectrum (weakest to strongest)
Radio waves (Weakest)
Microwaves
Infrared
Visible light
Ultraviolet
X-ray
Gamma rays (Strongest)
Electromagnetic radiation
The energy transferred through space by electromagnetic waves.
Telescope
An instrument that collects electromagnetic radiation from the sky and concentrates it for better observation
Star
A ball of extremely hot gas, mostly hydrogen and helium, that undergoes nuclear fusion.
Main sequence star
A typical star that is undergoing nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium. Our sun is a main sequence star.
Red giant star
A large, old luminous star; has a relatively low surface temperature and a diameter large relative to the sun. Undergoing nuclear fusion of helium into other elements.
White dwarf star
A small, hot, dim star that is the leftover center of an old star
Supergiant star
A star with a diameter up to 1000 times the diameter of the sun; largest of all stars.
Supernova
A gigantic explosion in which a massive star collapses and throws its outer layers into space
Black hole
A region of space having a gravitational field so intense that spacetime is curved to the point that light cannot escape. Formed when a massive stars collapses at the end of its lifecycle.
Neutron star
The small, dense remains of a high-mass star after a supernova
Stellar nucleosynthesis
The production of new elements by nuclear reactions in the core of a star
Galaxy
A collection of stars, dust, and gas bound together by gravity
Exoplanet
A planet that orbits a star outside the solar system
Scientific Theory
A well-tested explanation for a wide range of observations or experimental results.
Big Bang Theory
A theory that explains the sudden development of the universe through the continued expansion from a hot, dense state.
Steady State theory
a theory which states that there was no beginning to the universe and that the universe does not change in appearance.
Red shift
The change in the wavelength of light due to an object moving away from the observer.
Cosmic microwave background
Radiation left over from the Big Bang
Cosmological inflation
The very very very rapid expansion at the very early stages after the Big Bang.
Big Bang nucleosynthesis
Formations of new elements in the first few minutes after the Big Bang before any stars existed.
Habitable zone
A region around a star where liquid water could be present on a planet's surface and potentially have life
Apparent magnitude
The brightness of an astronomical object as seen from Earth.
absolute magnitude
The brightness an astronomical object would have at a distance of 10 parsecs from Earth.
