pre chapter 8 (dialogue between religious and non religious beliefs and attitudes) (copy)
Studied by 1 person
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards1/98
There's no tags or description
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
|---|
No study sessions yet.
99 Terms
what is secularisation
religious beliefs and practices are becoming less important in society
what is tolerance
being able or willing to tolerate the existence of opinions or beliefs that you may disagree with
what is freedom of expression
everyone is free to say and do what they want
what is freedom of practice
everyone is free to practice the religion they want
what is equality
everyone is equal and should be treated the same
what is human self determination
the rights for everyone to pursue economic, social and cultural development freely without outside interference
what is the value or sanctity of human life
the idea that all human life is sacred and everyone has a right to life (which should be protected and valued)
who teaches the sanctity of human life
the catholic church
what are some christian religious traditions in british society (4)
school terms organised around christian holidays
christian calendar influences british traditions (e.g. Pancake day → shrove tuesday)
7 day week (based on creation story)
restrictions on opening hours on sunday (the christian day of rest)
what is the largest religion in the uk
christianity → 59% in 2011
how has this changed since 2004
has fallen by 12% → rapid secularisation
what other religions have changed (2)
islam → increased to 5%
no religion → increased to 25%
what is establishment
when the church has strong links with the state (government and government-led institutions like the law, education and the military)
what is the monarchs role
they are head of state, and defender of faith (of CofE)
who crowns the monarch in the uk
archbishop of canterbury
what are the roles of the monarch as Supreme Governor of the CofE (or defender of the faith) (3)
appoint senior clerks (archbishops, bishops)
keep the coronation vow to maintain the church
open new sessions of the General Synod
what is the general synod
the church’s governing body → since 1919, has the power to propose laws on any matter concerning the CofE
what is disestablishment
the action of removing a church from its official position and no longer officially supporting it
arguments for establishment (3)
recognises the important role of religion in society
opens the doors of government to representations on moral and social issues
underlines the church’s responsibility to serve the whole community
arguments for disestablishment (3)
small minority of population are CofE christians
britain is now multi-faith, so christianity shouldn’t have a privileged status
bishops shouldn’t automatically have seats in the House of Lords
who campaigns against establishmentarianism and why
National secular society
british humanist association
they believe religious groups play too large a role in advising governments and being involved in making state decisions
what are religious teachings and attitudes about marriage and divorce
marriage is a life long commitment → divorce is unacceptable (Catholic)
sometimes, divorce is necessary (CofE)
necessary to bring christians together to start a family
what are religious beliefs and attitudes about same sex marriage
rejected by CofE (in church) and catholics (always)
anglicans accept the validity of same sex marriage
what are religious beliefs and attitudes about civil partnerships
non-catholics can be accepted this way, but catholics cannot (RC) → must take place in church for the spiritual bond to form
what is a civil partnership
legal contract between 2 people that sets out rights and duties between them → must be secular
what are religious beliefs and attitudes about forced, arranged and child marriage
all christians reject and oppose these forms of marriage. they believe consent is an important condition of marriage.
what does the uk law say about marriage
both consenting members must be 18+
what might other cultures think about arranged marriages
some non christian cultures still practice arranged marriages
what are religious beliefs and attitudes about equality
christianity teaches everyone is equal → created in the image of God, he loves everyone equally
what is an example of a person who has campaigned against racial injustice
MLK in the USA
however, what do some people argue the bible, cofe and catholic church shows
examples of inequality.
e.g. Paul in Corinthians 1 says: women should be submissive to men
women cannot have leadership roles in RC
women can have leadership roles in CofE
how might these religious attitudes potentially clash with equality laws (2)
Equality Act of 2010 → equal treatment of men and women in employment (monks, nuns and ministers exempt)
Marriage Act of 2013 → legalised same sex marriage (however, no religious organisations can be made or forced to accept this)
where might there be potential clashes between religious and secular values in education
secular ethics and values in school
faith schools
what do schools with secular ethics and values teach
re must be taught according to locally agreed syllabus (which reflects both christian, predominantly, and diverse religions to promote inclusivism)
schools without religious character must still have daily acts of collective worship (assemblies), ‘mostly of christian character’
what does the national secular society believe
no religion or viewpoint should be more important than the other
what is the aim of faith schools
to reinforce faith in pupils and promote christianity
what do catholic schools aim to do
enable pupils to relate christianity to daily life and to deepen religious and theological understanding
what do CofE schools aim to do
teach a critical interpretation of truth claims of christian belief and see how christian truth is relevant today in pluralist and post modern society
what is the role of religion in a secular society
decreasing → the fastest growing group of people in britain is those with no religion (49% according to british social attitudes survey in 2014), with christianity dropping to 17%
what is the effect of secularisation on religion (3)
fewer people get married, baptised, confirmed or attend church services
churches closed or sold off
christian festivals (eg Xmas) have lost significance and turned into consumerist and capitalist ploys
what is the rise of humanism
growth of viewpoint that focuses on humans instead of religion → react and see the world using science, logic and religion and reject supernatural beliefs
this greatly opposes religion and contributes to the rising rates of secularisation
humanism in 6 words
think for yourself, act for everyone
quote that promotes equality → genesis 1:26-28
‘Then God said “Let us make human beings in our image and likeness”’
quote that discusses karma → exodus 21:22-25
‘if there is further injury, then the punishment that must be paid is life for life’
if you cause harm, you will pay equally
quote that condemns murder → exodus 20:13
“you must not murder anyone” (10 commandments)
quote that supports god creating humans → Psalm 139:13
‘you made my whole being; you formed me in my mother’s body’
potential clashes between religion and scientific development in medical ethics may include (4)
euthanasia and the right to die
abortion
genetic manipulation
creation of life
what do christians believe about euthanasia and the right to die
you shouldn’t play god, so you cannot kill. → NO euthanasia. however, it may help reduce suffering
what do christians believe about abortion
its wrong, you shouldn’t take the life of someone who cannot defend their rights, even if it will cause suffering
what do christians believe about genetic manipulation
RC is very opposed to therapeutic cloning → life begins at contraception, so destroying cells after is very wrong
what is therapeutic cloning
a process used to cure people of serious genetic diseases
what do christians believe about the creation of life and fertility treatments
some christians argue fertility treatments are wrong because fertility is a matter for God to decide - you cannot interfere with God’s plan
what is the role of religion in public life in the form of bishops in the house of lords
lords spirituals made up of 26 bishops of the church of england → can interact in law making
what is the role of religion in public life in the form of christian services to mark key events (2)
baptism, marriage + funerals commemorated nationally by christians and non christians
public events like the National Remembrance Ceremony commemorate loss of life in WW1 and WW2
what is the role of religion in public life in the form of public holidays based on christian celebrations
4 of 8 public holidays are christian:
Good friday (Jesus’ death)
Easter monday (jesus’ resurrection)
christmas
boxing day (workers given christmas ‘boxes’ or gifts by the people they served)
what is the role of religion in public life in the form of church schools
schools which have a ‘religious character’ or formal links with a faith.
what is a consensus
general agreement between members of society → polls and surveys conducted in britain
what is diversity
the range of differences between members of society
what is uniformity
the quality of being the same
what is freedom of choice
having the ability to make your own choices based on your beliefs and desires without outside influence
what is a belief
something which people believe to be true
what is a religious value
beliefs and practices a religion teaches
what are secular values
beliefs and practices that are separate from a religious nature and focused on humankind
what is exclusivism
the view that only one religion is right and the others are false. must have faith in jesus christ
what is inclusivism
christianity is the only true religion, and jesus’ sacrifice pays for human sin. however, non christians can go to heaven
what is pluralism
god reveals himself through all the world traditions → one example of this is Christianity
who do pluralists disagree with
both inclusivists and exclusivists
what is ecumenism
the unity of christian denominations or churches
what is the purpose of ecumenism
not to achieve uniformity, but to bring about cooperation in worship and work together to serve humanity
what is the WCC
world council of churches, made up of almost 350 churches
what 3 areas does the WCC work in
establishing a global fellowship of churches to develop understanding and dialogue between denominations
building peace and serving human needs
educating and training to ensure the future of ecumenism
what denomination is still not a member of the wcc
roman catholic
why are not all christians in favour of ecumenism (3)
christian exclusivists find it hard to accept other denominations are equal
some churches are happy to remain distinct from other church groups
some churches are concerned it will make them less distinct from other christian groups
what is intra-faith communication
conversations within a religion, between denominations
what is inter-faith dialogue
communication between religions
matthew 22:37-40
‘love the lord your God with all your heart, all your soul, and all your mind’ This is the 1st and most important command. ‘Love your neighbour as you love yourself’ is the 2nd most important
quote to support proselytisation → matthew 28:18-20
‘go and make disciples of all nations’
john 3:16
‘for god so loved the world that he gave his one and only son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life’
john 14:6
‘jesus answered “I am the way and the truth and the life”’
is there a relationship between religion and national identity?
yes → as states increase in power, religion can help provide stability.
what are 3 examples of this
Israel → defined as a jewish state, but is secular
Iran → a theocracy is a country ruled by religious leaders, (shi’a leaders in Iran)
England → often described as a christian country, but fewer people practice it as the decades pass
what is proselytisation
a christian requirement to teach others about their faith and convert others → may call themselves evangelists
why do christians proselytise
jesus’ last words were ‘go and make followers of all people in the world’
why does proselytisation have some opposition (2)
may seem like an invasion of privacy (knocking on doors)
tension between freedom of belief and freedom of expression
what is the tony blair foundation?
an inter faith charity that works to prevent religious prejustice, conflict and extremism
what an example of what this foundation does?
breaks down religious and cultural differences through schools etc.
what is the national secular society?
a society that opposes the link between church and state and stands against religious promotion
what does the society aim to do?
promote freedom of belief, expression and practice, not against religion itself
what is the british humanist association?
an organisation campaigning to disestablish the church, reject supernatural beliefs, worry about human beings themselves and create meaning of their life
whats their guiding principle?
‘this is our world, our responsibility, our possibility’
what is similar values in christianity, atheism, agnosticism, humanism and secularism?
compassion
support for those in need
promoting peace over war
protecting the environment
compassion:
compassion comes from god, and is said to “have eternal life” (john)
support for those in need:
christians believe in moral and religious duty for those who need it, as shown in the parable of the good samaritan
whats a quote supporting this?
“give to the one who begs from you, and dont refuse the one who would borrow from you” matthew 5;42
promotion of peace over war:
the book of isiah teaches those to use technology for peaceful purposes, not war
protect the environent:
its a creation from god and we are stewards of it
areas of disagreement between christians, agnostics, athiests, humanists and secularists?
divorce of marriage
sex before marriage
parenting outside marriage
single parenthood
sam e sex partnerships
materialism