Chapter 9 - Intelligence, and Psychological Testing

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Psychology

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55 Terms

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Intelligence

Measures general mental ability/intellectual potential.

<p>Measures general mental ability/intellectual potential.</p>
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Aptitude

Specific abilities/potential

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Achievement

Measures knowledge

<p>Measures knowledge </p>
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Standardization

Procedures used to give score the test - always done the same.

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Test norms

Information about how a score relates to other sources… tells you to compare to others.

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Percentile Scoring

The % of people who scored at or below your score

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Reliability

Refers to the consistency of the test

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Correlation Coefficient

Can be used to measure the strength of the relationship between test and retest

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Split-half Reliability

Compare two halves of an exam

<p>Compare two halves of an exam</p>
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Validity

The ability of a test to measure what it was designed to measure

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Content Validity

The degree to which the content on a test matches the subject covered.

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Criterion Related Validity

A measure of validity by measuring test scores with another independent criterion

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Construct Validity

The extent to which there is evidence that a test measures a particular hypothetical construct questions?

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Sir Francis Galton

Heredity Genius who believes that intelligence comes from heredity from the nature vs nurture correlation

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Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon

Studied studies w/learning disabilities (1905)

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Lewis Terman

Stanford-Binet Test

  • Average of 100

  • Still used today

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David Weschler

Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

  • Iq was too verbal IQ and performance IQ (nonverbal)

  • Normal distribution of scores

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Mental Age

A measure based on child’s ability compared to the mental ability of a typical child of a certain age.

<p>A measure based on child’s ability compared to the mental ability of a typical child of a certain age. </p>
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<p>Which side is declared for gifted genus?</p>

Which side is declared for gifted genus?

The right

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<p>Which side is for the intellectual disabilities </p>

Which side is for the intellectual disabilities

The left

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Average IQ is

100

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100 = ?

100 = 50%

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1 standard deviation is

15

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How is the percentage between the green lines?

95%

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Giftedness characteristics

  • Defined by an IQ but other characteristics are used.

  • Gifted individuals are usually above average in physical, mental and social/emotional features.

  • Stereotype - Profoundly gifted (above 80) may be socially isolated

<ul><li><p>Defined by an IQ but other characteristics are used. </p></li><li><p>Gifted individuals are usually above average in physical, mental and social/emotional features. </p></li><li><p>Stereotype - Profoundly gifted (above 80) may be socially isolated </p></li></ul>
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Eminece

Those achieving eminece make a genius contribution to society

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Intellectual Disability Characteristics

(Formerly known as Mental Retardation) - Subaverage mental ability with issues with adaptive skills. Cutoff IQ = 70 or 75

<p>(Formerly known as Mental Retardation) - Subaverage mental ability with issues with adaptive skills. Cutoff IQ = 70 or 75</p>
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Mild

51-70 (6th grade) - most intelligent abilities are mild

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Moderate

36-50 (4th grade)

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Severe

20-35 (limited speech)

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Profound

0-20 (no speech)

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Prevalence

21.5% with most (85%) in mild category

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Causes of intellectual disabilities

Organic - “nature” from birth

Unknown - often times related to environment

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Heredity (Nature)

IQ are similar from biological parents which heritability ratio accounts for 50 - 80%

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Environment(Nurture)

When an adoptive child gets their iq from their adopted parent.

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Generation Effect

IQ scores are rising from generation to generation that has an adjusted scale overtime. Scaled to be an average of 100

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Reaction Range

genetically determined limits (low and high) on traits. About 25 points in IQ

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Genetics

Differences explained by genetics/very problematic due to group is genetically superion

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Field Analogy

Both sail and seed matter/environment genetic matter

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Socioeconomic

Link between SES and IQ

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Stereotype threat

  • failure based on demographics

  • Emotional investment and test vulnerability

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“It is not how intelligent you are, it is how you are intelligent” meaning

People have different intelligences

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Howard Gardner

Multiple Intelligences

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Logical/mathematical

Ability to reason

<p>Ability to reason</p>
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Linguistic

Verbal Skills

<p>Verbal Skills</p>
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Musical

Connection to music

<p>Connection to music</p>
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Spatial (visual)

Mental manipulation of space

<p>Mental manipulation of space</p>
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Bodily-kinesthetic

Movement

<p>Movement</p>
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Interpersonal

With others socializing and working with others

<p>With others socializing and working with others</p>
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Intrapersonal

Self

<p>Self</p>
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Naturalist

Connected to nature

<p>Connected to nature</p>
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Sternberg’s Facets of Intelligence

A cognitive focus on intelligence

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Analytical Intelligence

Abstract reasoning, evaluation and judgement

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Creative Intelligence

Ability to generate new ideas

<p>Ability to generate new ideas</p>
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Practical Intelligence

Dealing with everyday problems with knowledge, not explicitly taught