LESSON 1: Introduction

contemporary

This adjective denotes:

• belonging to or occurring in the present, or

• living or occurring at the same time or at the time

world

This generally means the earth, together with all of its countries and peoples (or a particular region/group of countries) including the human and social interactions in it.

contemporary world

Refers to our present time, its circumstances, and ideas, often used interchangeably with modern times or the modern world. It denotes a broad period, including recent past and present events, developments, and existence.

same era

Fill in the Blanks.

Originally, "contemporary" meant things from the ____, such as Muhammad and Pope Gregory the Great. Today, it usually refers to what is modern, new, or current, reflecting characteristics of the present period.

social, cultural, and political changes

Enumeration (3)

The contemporary world is a mix of what changes?

Globalization

The changes in contemporary world is influenced by what?

flow of goods, capital, people, ideas, and technology

Enumeration (5)

What does globalization bring?

Globalization

This refers to:

• the growing modern interconnectedness of nations, people and markets

• the process of interaction and integration among companies and governments worldwide

transportation and communications technology

Enumeration (2)

How was the convergence of globalization made possible? These also led to the development of global communications networks.

Free Trade

• An international trade left to its natural course

• It is a principle or policy to remove discrimination against imports and exports.

• Buyers and sellers from various economies may voluntarily trade without any government sanctioning tariffs, quotas, subsidies, or prohibitions on services and goods.

Mass media

• Is a powerful but debated indirect agent of socialization in globalization.

• It spreads ideas and mannerisms worldwide without direct interpersonal communication.

• Sources include newspapers, magazines, radio, internet, and television.

• It facilitates globalization by enabling cultural exchanges and the flow of information and images.

• International news, TV programs, new technologies, films, and music contribute to this exchange.

Technology and Internet

Key drivers of globalization that enable international market integration, cultural exchange, and communication without physical barriers.

Internet

Technology has enabled international market integration and cultural exchange through innovations like the?

Republic Act 7925

What law helped develop and deregulated telecommunications in the Philippines?

• enacted in 1995

The 2013 Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study in the Philippines

This study found that deregulation in 1995 paved the way for rapid development in information and communication technology.

Internet-compatible cellular phones

What is the most common communication tool in the Philippines today?

It has created a global economy with a single market and a more inclusive social order

What impact has the technological revolution had on the global economy and society?

Globally integrated production, specialized labor markets, privatization of state assets, and new technological linkages

Enumeration (4)

What are the key characteristics of the new economy?

Phones, the internet, and online markets

Enumeration (3)

What technological linkages allow transactions to go beyond national borders?

It has internationalized capital markets and enabled real-time communication

How has the internet influenced capital markets and global communication?

Provided worldwide access to news, spread political ideas, and improved consumer knowledge

Enumeration (3)

What are the effects of the Internet on news access, politics, and consumer awareness?

Social Media

Internet-based tools that allow users to generate, share, and exchange content in virtual communities.

Dialogic Transmission System

A communication model where information flows from many sources to many receivers, unlike traditional one-way media.

Social Networking

The use of websites and apps to interact with others and find people with similar interests.

Social Network

An online community where people with common interests connect and share information.

It has become integral to corporate, government, and institutional activities, making it impossible to ignore their impact

How have businesses and institutions adapted to social media?

It enables the exchange of ideas and cultures

How does social media contribute to globalization?

Social media is a cheap and accessible news source but faces criticism for information inconsistency and source reliability

What are the pros and cons of social media?

By making online buying more popular and accessible

How has social media influenced e-commerce?

It enables businesses to exchange ideas, promote products, and serve as launchpads for startups

How do businesses benefit from social media?

It is a powerful tool for creating friendships, places, and identities while also documenting life experiences

How does social media influence social interactions and self-expression?

Lonely individuals may turn to social media for emotional support, but it can interfere with real-life socializing

How does social media impact individuals with social needs?

It lacks the depth of real-life relationships

What is a major limitation of social media in social interactions?

By reducing face-to-face interactions

How does social media negatively affect social skills and mental health?

Increased narcissism, antisocial behavior, and aggressive tendencies

Enumeration (3)

What negative psychological effects can excessive social media use have on teenagers?

By reinforcing product exposure

How does social media affect buying habits?

Promotes socialization, learning, and creativity but also exposes them to risks like cyberbullying, online predators, and harmful behaviors

What are the positive and negative effects of social media on children?

They have been used to raise awareness on critical issues and mobilize people for political and social change

How has social media been used in activism and social movements?

Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube were used to coordinate protests that led to the removal of President Hosni Mubarak

How was social media used during the 2011 Egypt revolution?

Transnational Migration

The movement of people from one country to another for temporary labor while maintaining social ties in multiple nations.

Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs)

A term used for transnational migrants from the Philippines who work abroad to support their families.

By making it easier for people to work in other countries while supporting their families back home

How has globalization influenced migration?

The movement of people from one country to another for temporary labor while maintaining social connections in multiple nations

What is transnational migration?

foreign labor, guest workers, or expatriates

What are other terms used for transnational migrants?

By being part of the labor force in one country while being citizens and sources of capital in another

How do transnational migrants redefine the concept of citizenship?

They maintain a sense of self tied to their place of origin while also adapting to the culture of their host country

How do transnational migrants develop their sense of self?

Multiple values, beliefs, rituals, and customs from more than one culture

Enumeration (4)

How does transnational migration affect sociological exposure?

Migrants are sociologically exposed to ____.

The Philippines has a large population of transnational migrants, commonly referred to as Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs)

What is the term for transnational migrants from the Philippines?

Capitalism

An economic and political system where private owners control industry and trade for profit, recognizing private property rights.

Both globalization and capitalism promote the free exchange of goods and services, benefiting from global trade and labor mobility

How are capitalism and globalization connected?

To produce more goods and services at lower costs, often financed by international capitalists

What is the primary goal of capitalism?

It enables Western capitalist enterprises to access cheap labor in Asian countries and reach large consumer markets

How does globalization support capitalism?

credit system

When was capitalism said to be born?

Capitalism emerged when the ____ became part of the growing monetary economy.

Monetary systems became more complex and interconnected —> capitalism expanded across countries

How did capitalism evolve with globalization?

By removing trade restrictions, allowing capitalist corporations to thrive

How does globalization contribute to capitalist growth?

wealth concentration, rising unemployment.

What was Karl Marx’s criticism of capitalism?

That capitalism would lead to economic crises due to ____ and ____.

Communism

What alternative to capitalism did Karl Marx propose?

Terrorism

Politically motivated violence or the threat of violence used to create fear and drive socio-political change.

It exploits fear to bring about socio-political change

How does terrorism impact society?

Social, cultural, political, historical, psychological, economic, and religious causes

What are the possible causes of terrorism?

Some argue it enables terrorist groups to spread their ideology and recruit like-minded individuals globally

How is globalization linked to the spread of terrorism?

Terrorism is increasing because some people are excluded from globalization

What is an alternative view on the relationship between globalization and terrorism?

Advances in technology, communication, and globalization

What three factors are often associated with the rise of terrorism?

International Organizations

Membership groups that function across national borders to address key global issues.

Help manage global concerns such as mail services, environmental protection, and public health

What is the primary function of international organizations?

United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)

An international organization that helped establish a treaty to stop the production of ozone-depleting chemicals.

They facilitated a treaty to stop manufacturing ozone-destroying chemicals.

How has UNEP contributed to global environmental protection?

World Health Organization (WHO)

A global organization that aids nations in addressing major health crises, such as AIDS.

They helped nations address acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) as a global crisis

How has WHO contributed to global health efforts?

intergovernmental organizations and international nongovernmental organizations

What are the two basic categories of international organizations?

Sovereignty

The full power and right of a government to govern itself without external interference.

It causes states to lose their sovereignty as international organizations take over traditional governmental functions

How does globalization impact state sovereignty?

International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, and World Trade Organization (WTO)

Which international organizations are said to influence state sovereignty by assuming roles previously managed by national governments?

currency devaluation, subsidy removal, and privatization as conditions for financial aid

What neoliberal economic policies do the IMF and World Bank typically prescribe to struggling nations?

Local elected leaders often lose control over economic management as unelected international officials take over decision-making

What is a key repercussion of globalization on national governance?

Due to the lack of accountability of international economic organizations

Why is globalization's impact on state sovereignty criticized?