[MT] RESPIRATORY SYSTEM pt.3 (Conducting Portion - Epiglottis, Trachea, Bronchi and Terminal Bronchioles)

Structure that follows the larynx in the respiratory tract.

Trachea

Epithelium lining the trachea.

Respiratory epithelium (Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells)

Layer of the trachea that contains connective tissue and mucous glands.

Lamina propria

Histological layer of the trachea lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells.

Mucosa

Cells in the tracheal mucosa that function in the mucociliary escalator.

Goblet cells & Cilia

Helps clear debris and pathogens from the airway

Mucociliary escalator

Histological layer of the trachea that contains seromucous glands.

Submucosa

Histological layer of the trachea that contains C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings.

Cartilaginous layer

Connective tissue layer that anchors the trachea to surrounding structures.

Adventitia

Muscle that relaxes during swallowing to allow the esophagus to bulge into the tracheal lumen.

Trachealis muscle

Muscle that contracts during cough reflex to narrow the tracheal lumen and increase air velocity.

Trachealis muscle

Muscle that prevents food from entering the airway, reducing the risk of aspiration.

Trachealis muscle

Type of bronchi that resemble the trachea but have irregular cartilage plates instead of rings.

Larger bronchi

Type of bronchi that branch further from the larger bronchi.

Smaller bronchi

Lining epithelium of the bronchi.

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Layer of the bronchi that contains glands and smooth muscle.

Submucosa

Structure that secretes surfactant-like proteins to reduce surface tension in the airway.

Club cells (Clara cells)

Cell type that helps distinguish bronchioles from bronchi due to the absence of cartilage.

Club cells (Clara cells)

Lining epithelium of terminal bronchioles.

Simple ciliated columnar or cuboidal epithelium

Branching pattern from bronchi to alveoli.

Bronchi → Terminal Bronchioles → Respiratory Bronchioles → Alveolar Ducts → Individual Alveoli

Bronchiolar structure similar to terminal bronchioles but containing scattered alveoli.

Respiratory bronchioles

Bronchiolar structure that does not contain scattered alveoli.

Terminal bronchioles

Structure that bifurcates into the right and left primary bronchi.

Trachea

First division of the trachea inside the lungs.

Primary bronchi

Branches from the primary bronchi.

Secondary (Lobar) bronchi

Smaller branches from the secondary bronchi.

Tertiary (Segmental) bronchi

Smaller airway structures that lack cartilage and transition into terminal bronchioles.

Bronchioles

Bronchiolar structures that transition into respiratory bronchioles and do not contain scattered alveoli.

Terminal bronchioles

Bronchiolar structures that have scattered alveoli and transition into alveolar ducts.

Respiratory bronchioles

Structures that lead into alveolar ducts and open into alveoli.

Alveolar ducts

Site of gas exchange in the lungs.

Alveoli

Structure that enters the lung hilum along with pulmonary vessels, lymphatics, and nerves.

Primary bronchi

Lining epithelium of terminal bronchioles.

Nonciliated cuboidal or low columnar epithelium

Type of muscle surrounding terminal bronchioles.

One or two layers of smooth muscle

Lung structures present in the surrounding tissue of terminal bronchioles.

Alveoli

Cell type with bulging dome-shaped apical cytoplasm containing granules.

Club cells (Clara cells)

Function of Club cells related to surface tension.

Secrete surfactant components to prevent bronchiole collapse

Enzyme system in Club cells that detoxifies harmful compounds from inhaled air.

P450 enzyme system

Immune-related function of Club cells in bronchiolar lumen.

Produce the secretory component for IgA transfer

Antimicrobial function of Club cells.

Secrete lysozyme and antibacterial enzymes active against bacteria and viruses

Inflammatory regulation function of Club cells.

Produce cytokines to regulate local inflammatory responses

Regenerative function of Club cells.

Include stem cells that give rise to all bronchiolar epithelial cells

____ decreases as bronchi divide from primary to tertiary.

Cartilage

Glands decrease as bronchi become _.

smaller

Smooth muscle increases for better _.

airflow regulation

Layer surrounding the bronchus in the lamina propria.

Distinct layer of smooth muscle

Submucosal component providing structural support in bronchi.

Supporting cartilage

Outer layer of bronchi that includes blood vessels, nerves, and lung tissue.

Adventitia

Epithelial lining of smaller bronchi.

Primarily columnar cells with cilia and fewer goblet cells

Lamina propria component of smaller bronchi.

Smooth muscle and small serous glands

Gland type found near cartilage in smaller bronchi.

Small serous glands

Located at the superior portion of the larynx. Projects upward from the anterior wall of the larynx

Epiglottis

Epiglottis is formed by _______

central elastic cartilage

Surface of the epiglottis facing the tongue

lingual surface

surface of the epiglottis facing the larynx

laryngeal surface

lining of lingual surface

stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium

in the lingual surface, what merge with connective tissue perichondrium of the elastic cartilage

lamina propria

what lining is the upper portion of laryngeal surface

stratified squamous epitheliumw

what lining is the lower portion of laryngeal surface

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium