1.12 - 2.14 HCS Definitions

Risk

chance or likelihood that something will harm or otherwise affect your health

Surveillance Medicine

Closely watching a patient's condition, but only treat if there are changes in test results

Health Promotion

Planned activities that are designed to prevent illness and improve the health of the population

Compliance

the extent to which the patient's behaviour matches the prescriber's recommendations

Adherence

the extent to which the patient's behaviour matches agreed recommendations from the prescriber

Concordance

doctor and patient agree on therapeutic decisions

Hypochondriassis

•Belief / fear that they will develop a serious illness based on their own misinterpretation of body signs

Social Determinants

the non-medical factors that influence health outcomes

Illness Beliefs

Refers to how people interpret and define their symptoms and their actions in coping with the illness

Health Related Behaviour

Lifestyle choice made when you have an increased mortality risk

Fatalism

A low control over their life

Short-Termism

Favouring short-term projects for immediate profits

Interviews

a qualitative method of collecting data that is specific to each person

Addiction

A chronic condition involving repeated, powerful motivation to engage in a behaviour, acquired as a result of engaging in that behaviour with the potential for significant unintended harm.

Thematic Analysis

method of analyzing qualitative research, and finding patterns within it

Family

group of inmates with strong emotional bonds and a history and future as a group

medically unexplained symptoms

persistent bodily complaints for which adequate examination does not reveal sufficient explanatory structural or other specified pathology

Gender

relates to culturally appropriate behaviour of men and women as shaped by society

Sex

biological differences

Enacting Gender

behaving according to your gender as assumed by society

Hegemony

cultural process of domination - organises, monitors and restricts ways in which new ideas and systems of valuation are established

Hegemonic Masculinity

practice that instils powerful men's dominant position within society - justifies the subordination of women and other marginalised ways of being a man 'too feminine', 'be a man'

Discourse Analysis

studying and analysing the use of language

Formal Linguistic Discourse Analysis

structural analysis of text in order to find general underlying rules of linguistic

Empirical Discourse Analysis

broad themes and function of language

Critical Discourse Analysis

examination of text and social uses of language and the study of the ways of existence of specific institutions

Conversation Analysis

describe people's methods for producing orderly social interaction

Race

a contested category rather than an inherent biological difference

Ethnicity

designation of a group of people that share common identity-based ancestry, language or culture

Culture

a set of guidelines that individuals inherit as part of a particular society, and that tell them how to view the world, how to experience it emotionally and to behave in relation to other people...and the environment

Geographic Ancestry

genetic variation according to the geographic origins of an individuals, which sometimes but not always, links to one's seld-identification with a specific race or ethnicity

Biographical distribution

everyday expectations challenged by the experiences of illness.Involves reconstructing a new sense of self fitting the chronic illness into your life, perhaps involving adaptations

Successful Ageing

high physical, psychological, and social functioning in old age without major diseases

Stereotyping

Generalisations of about groups and individual members of that group. Maybe positive, negative or prejudicial.

Medicalisation

Treating previously non-medical conditions with medical intervention.

Geneticisation

The way in which diseases, conditions and behaviours become attributed to genetic factors.

Bad News

Any information that produces a negative alteration about the patient's perception of the future

Therapeutic Imperative

The drive to prevent or cure disabling impairment has become

Grounded Theory Research

Inductive research approach where you have a question or a bunch of qualitative data and you need to develop a hypothesis from it.

Stigma

Physical/Social label that devalues someone's social identity leading to a lack of acceptance.

Discreditable Stigma

Not known by the world and can be hidden.

Discredited Stigma

Stigma that can't be hidden.

Enacted Stigma

Real experience of prejudice and discrimination.

Felt Stigma

Feelings of shame with fear of enacted stigma - fearing discrimination.

Body Image

Individuals perceptions, feelings and thoughts about her or his body including evaluations of body weight and appearance.

Biographical Disruption

Everyday expectations challenged by the experience of illness. Have to reconstruct a new sense of self and build life around a chronic illness.

Sense Of Self

The ideas and self knowledge a person has about themselves in relation to their roles, activities, relationships and perspectives.

Phenomenology

How people give meanings to social phenomena in everyday life

Interactionism

Explores collective group & team behaviors & perceptions

prejudice

aversive/hostile attitude towards a person who belongs to a group, simply because they belong to that group + assumed to have objectionable qualities that are ascribed to that group

Discrimination

The desire to avoid/exclude persons who hold stigmatised statuses

Stigmatisation

Associating someone to a prejudicial social typing (a stereotype) - not always negative, but always narrow and misleading which can lead to the person being viewed as tainted.

Mental Well-Being

Combined focus on satisfaction with life, overall happiness and good psychological functioning.

Mental Health

A state of well-being in which an individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and is able to make a contribution to his or her community

Arbitrary Inference

Conclusions based off insufficient data.

Selective Abstraction

Drawing conclusions on just one part of a situation

Personalisation

Attributing Negative Feelings Of Others to Oneself

Adjustment

Preserving functional status and low negative mood in the face of illness. Adaptive tasks are condition-specific.

Response Shift

Mastery of the adaptive tasks of disease, maintenance of adequate functional status and social roles.

Theory

An organised, coherent, and systematic articulation of a set of issues that are communicated as a meaningful whole

Critical Theory

Studies how construction of knowledge and the organisation of power in society generally, and in institutions