Parts of the cell

Plasma membrane

thin, flexible, hydrophobic barrier around the cell, with embedded proteins

Cell envelope

plasma membrane, outer membrane, and peptidoglycan

cytoplasm

internal volume enclosed by the plasma membrane

cytosol

highly concentrated solution of the cytoplasm

nucleoid

contains genome for bacteria and archaea

nucleus

contains genome for eukaryotes and is membrane bound

ribosomes

synthesize proteins

mitochondria

make ATP

metabolic intermediates

small organic molecules that are metabolic pathway intermediates

nucleosome

an overall structure that consists of a single chromatin fiber composed of a DNA strand wrapped around histones

Gene

a DNA nucleotide sequence that codes for a single protein

ribosome

protein/RNA complex that is the site of protein synthesis

plasmids

small circular DNA often found in bacteria. Are not a necessary part of the genome and often contain genes that confer antibacterial resistance

cytoplasm

collective name for the material that is not in the cells nucelus but is within the plasma membrane and which includes organelles

cristae

inner membrane folds inside mitochondria

Smooth and rough ER

double membranes extending throughout the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells; encloses secretory channels

Eukaryote

term defined as a tyoe of organism whose cells have a true nucleus

genome

sum of all genetic material (DNA) contained in the cell (n the nucleus in eukaryotes)

cell wall

rigid structure outside the plasma membrane in plant cells; composition mostly polysaccharides

lysosome

membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotes that acts as a recycling center and contains many degradative enzymes

nucleoid

non-membran-bound structure in bacterial cells that contains the cell’s genome

cytosol

name of the aqueous phase outside the nucleus that does not include the organelles

bacteria and archaea

2 types of organisms whose cells have no true nucleus

Rough ER

membranous structure in eukaryotes which modifies proteins after transcription

Chloroplast

chlorphyll-containing organelles in plant cells; produce ATP

nucleus

membrane bounded structure in eukaryotic cells which contains the genome

organelles

generic term for membrane-bounded structures in eukaryotic cells

cell membrane

exterior membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of the cell, provides a barrier from the surroundings and also facilitates exchange of material

mitochondrial matrix

concentrated aqueous phase inside mitochondria

aerobic

growth condition with plentiful supply of O2

anearobic

growth condition devoid of O2

obligate anaerobes

organisms that die when exposed to O2

facultative anaerobes

organisms that can live with or without O2

photoautotrophs

organisms that trap and use sunlight for energy

chemoautotrophs

organisms that derive energy from oxidative of a chemical fuel