Honors Civics - Unit Test 4

Civil Liberties

protections against the government having too much control, Bill of Rights

Civil Rights

positive ACTS of government that seek to make constitutional guarantees a reality for all people; anti-discrimination on the basis of race, sex, ethnicity, religion, & sexual orientation

13th Amendment

abolished slavery

14th Amendment

defines who is a U.S. citizen, due process clause, incorporation clause, equal protection clause

15th Amendment

right to vote cannot be denied based on race

Due Process

the government must provide all citizens with equal treatment in the judicial system

Incorporation Clause

applies Bill of Rights to all U.S. citizens because of due process; Bill of Rights applies to state level government as well

Equal Protection Clause

certain groups of people cannot be treated differently than others

Plessy v. Ferguson

'“separate but equal” facilities do not violate the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment;

affirmed that segregation was legal under the Constitution

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

overturned Plessy;

“separate but equal” educational facilities violate the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment;

schools must desegregate

Gideon v. Wainwright

people charged with a crime at the state level are guaranteed the right to an attorney because of the 14th Amendments incorporation clause;

affirms that the 6th Amendment applies to state

Miranda v. Arizona

The 5th Amendment requires that law enforcement officials advise suspects of their right to remain silent and to obtain an attorney during interrogations while in police custody;

these warning issued upon arrest

Loving v. Virginia

laws banning interracial marriage are unconstitutional because they violate the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment;

interracial marriages are now legal worldwide

Obergefell v. Hodges

laws banning same-sex marriage are unconstitutional because they violate the equal protection and due process clauses of the 14th Amendment;

states must recognize same-sex marriages performed in other states;

same-sex marriage is now legalized world-wide

Literacy Tests

tests that determines the qualification of a voter based on his/her ability to read and write or ability to read and understand any section of the State or Federal Constitution

Civil Rights Act of 1964

prohibits discrimination on the basis of color, religion, sex, or national origin

Voting RIghts Act of 1965

outlaws literacy tests;

established federal oversight for voter registration in counties where less than 50% of the non-white population was registered to vote;

allowed U.S. Attorney General to investigate the use of poll taxes in state and local elections

19th Amendment

gave women the right to vote

23rd Amendment

residents of D.C. were given the right to vote

24th Amendment

people who were charged poll tax weren’t charged poll tax anymore - which was just African Americans

26th Amendment

Moved the voting age to 18, previously was 21;

Vietnam War caused this Amendment to be created