Studied by 4 people
Civil Liberties
protections against the government having too much control, Bill of Rights
Civil Rights
positive ACTS of government that seek to make constitutional guarantees a reality for all people; anti-discrimination on the basis of race, sex, ethnicity, religion, & sexual orientation
13th Amendment
abolished slavery
14th Amendment
defines who is a U.S. citizen, due process clause, incorporation clause, equal protection clause
15th Amendment
right to vote cannot be denied based on race
Due Process
the government must provide all citizens with equal treatment in the judicial system
Incorporation Clause
applies Bill of Rights to all U.S. citizens because of due process; Bill of Rights applies to state level government as well
Equal Protection Clause
certain groups of people cannot be treated differently than others
Plessy v. Ferguson
'“separate but equal” facilities do not violate the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment;
affirmed that segregation was legal under the Constitution
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
overturned Plessy;
“separate but equal” educational facilities violate the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment;
schools must desegregate
Gideon v. Wainwright
people charged with a crime at the state level are guaranteed the right to an attorney because of the 14th Amendments incorporation clause;
affirms that the 6th Amendment applies to state
Miranda v. Arizona
The 5th Amendment requires that law enforcement officials advise suspects of their right to remain silent and to obtain an attorney during interrogations while in police custody;
these warning issued upon arrest
Loving v. Virginia
laws banning interracial marriage are unconstitutional because they violate the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment;
interracial marriages are now legal worldwide
Obergefell v. Hodges
laws banning same-sex marriage are unconstitutional because they violate the equal protection and due process clauses of the 14th Amendment;
states must recognize same-sex marriages performed in other states;
same-sex marriage is now legalized world-wide
Literacy Tests
tests that determines the qualification of a voter based on his/her ability to read and write or ability to read and understand any section of the State or Federal Constitution
Civil Rights Act of 1964
prohibits discrimination on the basis of color, religion, sex, or national origin
Voting RIghts Act of 1965
outlaws literacy tests;
established federal oversight for voter registration in counties where less than 50% of the non-white population was registered to vote;
allowed U.S. Attorney General to investigate the use of poll taxes in state and local elections
19th Amendment
gave women the right to vote
23rd Amendment
residents of D.C. were given the right to vote
24th Amendment
people who were charged poll tax weren’t charged poll tax anymore - which was just African Americans
26th Amendment
Moved the voting age to 18, previously was 21;
Vietnam War caused this Amendment to be created
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