Med Term Unit 5 - ACC Summer 2026

pyel/o

renal pelvis → funnel shaped structure that collects urine before going to ureter

vesic/o or cyst/o

gallbladder or sac

kidney’s cortex

has no mucosa lining

retroperitoneally

in flank area

nephrons

responsible for filtering blood (glomerulus acts as sieve)

kidney functions

erythropoietin, secrete renin, water balance, activate Vitamin D, and filter blood

glomerulus

formed from specialized capillary beds that act as sieve to filter blood in nephron (part of it)

what can go through capillary walls

water, sugar, salt, and hormones

Bowman’s capsule

collects particles (water, sugar, salts, waste products and hormones) that seep out of nephron and is the beginning of the renal tubule

bladder contains

water, excess nitrogenous waste, and excess pharmaceuticals

strictures

something stuck that blocks the path in the ureters

nephrolithiasis

kidney stones

litho-

stone

-tripsy

crushing

lithotripsy

use ultrasound thing to crush kidney stone

ur/o or ure/o or urea

urine

oligo-

scanty

-uric

producing urine

poly-

a lot

uremia

buildup of toxic waste products in blood

polydipsia

excessive thirst

polyphagia

excessive hunger/eating

polyuria

excessive urine

noct/o

at night

catheterization

put tube up urethra and lodges a tube bubble in the bladder so it stays, makes sure urine is draining correctly esp during surgery

prostate gland

only in men, ureter goes through it

urinalysis UA

p33 in cup, put dipstick, check the colors: presence of leukocytes, protein, glucose, ketones (color, appearance, pH, specific gravity)

hemodialysis

filters blood mechanically in ARF

ARF

Acute Renal Failure → short term kidneys stop working, use hemodialysis

CRF

Chronic Renal Failure → long term kidney disfunction (ex: diabetes)

shunts and fistulas

indwelling areas to access a major artery

dysuria

painful urination

cystitis

inflammation of bladder

anuria

lack of urine production

pyelonephritis

inflammation of renal pelvis

gyneco

woman

andro

male

gonad

reproductive organs

ophor/o

ovaries

orch/o or orchi/o or orchid/o or test/o = testes

male

spermatogenesis

creation of sp3rm

epididymus

area where sperm is stored

vas deferens

connects epididymus and goes around prostate gland to the long thing

sem3n

prostate gland, bulbourethral gland, seminal vesicles, and sp3rm creat s3men

cryptorchism

undescended t3sticles

Hydrocele

fluid sac surrounding scr0tum

testicular torsion

twisting of sp3rmaticcord and t3stes

Gynecomastia

swelling of male br3ast tissue

BPH

benign prostatic hyperplasia → enlargement or swelling of prostate gland

menarche

age at which periods begin

menses

menstrual flow → discharge of endometrial cells and etc, governed by hormones in endocrine system

ectopic pregnancy

egg commonly grows in fallopian tubes but not uterus, fatal, sp3rm meets egg out of uterus

phase 1

period

phase 2

ramps up estrogen production to build nest

phase 3

ramp up even more to discharge lining

ovulation

release of ova

coitus

s3x

gametes

s3x cells

amenorrhea

lack of menstrual flow

dysmenorrhea

difficult flow

PMS

premenstrual syndrome → headache, tiredness, hunger, mood swings

menopause

cessation or stoping of menarche or the periods

hyster/o or metr/o

uterus

salping/o

fallopian tube

colp/o

vag1na

zygote

rapidly dividing cell mass = fetus

-cyesis or -gravida or obstetr/o

pregnancy

HCG

human chorionic gonadotropin → hormone, measured in pregnancy tests

amniotic fluid

forms out of inner membrane of embryo

amni/o

amniotic fluid

chorion

outermost membrane for a fetus

amnion

inner most membrane for fetus

progesterone

helps maintain placenta

-tocia

labor

labor

marked by contractions, dialation/thinning of cervix, and discharge of show or bloody mucus

cephalic deliveries

normal for babies

breech

bottom born first than top

cesarean

c-section

involution

uterus returns to normal size

mamm/o

br3ast

mast/o

breast

lact/o

milk

galact/o

milk

galactorrhea

flow of milk not related to pregnancy

gynecomastia

having female-like breast in male body

gravid

pregnancy (ex: primagravida, multigravida, nulligravida)

para

livebirth (ex: primapara, multipara, nullipara)

D &C

dialation and curettage → dialate c3rvix and removing fetal tissue

placenta previa

placenta covers cervical opening

preeclampsia

disease found by protein in urea, HTN, and edema

proteinuria

protein in uria

HTN

hypertension

edema

swelling

ooph

ovaries

oophorectomy

removal of ovary

oophoralgia

pain in ovary

pseudocyesis

pregnancy symptoms without pregnancy

SQ

subcutaneous injection

HS

at night/bedtime

TID

3x a day