AP bio Mrs McNeary the devils class

What do enzymes do to activation energy?

Enzymes increase the reaction rate by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to start.

What is the induced fit model?

The induced fit model states that an enzyme’s active site changes shape slightly when the substrate binds, making the fit better.

What is activation energy?

Activation energy is the amount of energy needed to begin a reaction.

What is enzyme specificity?

Enzyme specificity means that each enzyme only works with certain substrates due to the shape of its active site matching specific molecules.

What happens when an enzyme becomes denatured?

When an enzyme becomes denatured, its shape changes, preventing it from working properly and decreasing or stopping the reaction rate.

What does an enzyme activity graph typically look like?

Enzyme activity graphs often look like a hill; the upward slope indicates increasing activity, the peak shows optimum conditions, and the downward slope indicates decreased activity due to denaturation.

What does the pH scale measure?

The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is, with low numbers being acidic, 7 being neutral, and high numbers being basic.

How does substrate concentration affect the rate of enzyme action?

As substrate concentration increases, the rate of enzyme action increases until all enzymes are occupied, at which point the rate levels off.

How can a mild fever affect enzyme activity?

A mild fever can help enzymes work faster initially because higher temperature increases particle movement and collisions.

What is competitive inhibition?

Competitive inhibition occurs when a molecule similar to the substrate binds to the active site, blocking the real substrate from binding.

What is allosteric inhibition?

Allosteric inhibition happens when an inhibitor binds to a different part of the enzyme, changing its shape so the active site no longer works properly.

What is a null hypothesis?

A null hypothesis is a statement saying that there is no effect or difference, such as saying that changing pH does not affect enzyme activity.

What determines the ability of enzymes to catalyze reactions?

The specific shape of their active site allows enzymes to catalyze reactions by matching the substrate and facilitating the reaction.

What effect does increased temperature have on reaction rates?

Increased temperature usually raises reaction rates initially due to faster molecular movement, but too high of a temperature can lead to enzyme denaturation.

What is the optimum pH for enzymes in the stomach?

The optimum pH for enzymes in the stomach is around 2.

What is the optimum pH for enzymes in saliva?

The optimum pH for enzymes in saliva is around 7.

What is the optimum pH for enzymes in human blood?

The optimum pH for enzymes in human blood is around 7.4.