Crozier AMS 1060 (Mizzou) Exam #2

Tarquinius Superbus

Last king of Rome

Lucretia

legendary heroine of ancient Rome. According to tradition, she was the beautiful and virtuous wife of the nobleman Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus. Her tragedy began when she was raped by Sextus Tarquinius, son of Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, the tyrannical Etruscan king of Rome.
-she stabs herself and dies

L. Junius Brutus

-The uncle of Lucretia.
-When she informed him that she had been raped by Sextus, son of Tarquinius, he rose the Romans into rebellion against the Etruscans.
- Brutus literally means dumba**
-no more kings after he drives the Tarquins from the city

Evander

King of Pallanteum; ally of Aeneas

Aeneas

-accredited for the founding of Rome
-his son Ascanius founds Alba Longa (where Romulus and Remus are born)

Romulus and Remus

-Brothers
-Founded Rome
-suckled by she-wolf
-Romulus later killed Remus

eponymous

"giving your name to something"
-i.e. "kleenex" or "xerox"

What kind of family was Ovid born into?

Sulmo (high class romans): wealthy equestrian family

What did Ovid really want to be instead of a Lawyer?

a poet

Where does Augustus exile Ovid in 8 A.D.?

Tomis

what kind of poem is the metamorphises?

Epic

Hellinisitic Greek Literature

(323-31 BCE) literature written after the death of Alexander the Great and the rise of Roman domination

dialoque

conversation between two characters

Sililoquies

addressing yourself

Sententiae

clever sayings carrying striking meaning
-"a penny saved is a penny earned"

Ovid's Creation Myth

-origins I Chaos
-refers to a "god" of some sort
-no asexual, sexual reproduction
-scientific

Empedocles (495-435 BCE)

-4 elements as key to all matter (earth, wind, fire, air)
-love and strife are key to existence and life

Anaximander

-creation by divine being outside the scope of creation
-matter is compounded of opposites

pathos

Appeal to emotion

dramatic ethos

use of vivid description of people and how they act

What is the purpose of the Milky Way in Ovid's creation story?

it is the road to Olympus

what is saying "Mt. Ossa on Mt. Pelion" equivalent too?

"adding insult to injury"

Pytho/Python

-he is created from mixture of heat and water
-is later killed by Apollo with his bows and arrows
-found the Pythian Game (artistic and and athletic contests)

Theomachy

picking a fight with the gods

Daphne and Apollo

Daphne was a Naiad Nymph in Greek Mythology, and was the daughter of a river god. She was famous for being incredibly beautiful and for catching the eye of Apollo. ... In retaliation, Eros fired two arrows: a gold arrow that struck Apollo and made him fall in love with Daphne, and a lead arrow that made Daphne hate Apollo.
-she later metamorphisises into a laurel tree (apollo's tree) after praying to her father Peneus, because Apollo is chasing her through the woods

Io

-daughter of Inachus
-Zeus pursues her
-Hera's jealousy turns her into a cow and asks Zeus if she can have it
-she summons Argus to watch her and her father finds out she's a cow
-Argus takes her away and Zeus makes Mercury free her, Mercury bores Argus to sleep with the story of Pan and Syrinx
-Mercury kills him and Hera puts his eyeballs on a peacock (her bird)

what kind of story is Pan and Syrinx?

a frame story

who is created from Zeus's touch on Io?

Epaphus

Phaethon

son of Helios and Clymene; his father promises him whatever he wants and he asks to drive the golden chariot (the sun) for a day; he fails, sets the earth on fire, and dies

Heliades

Phaethon's sisters that turn into amber trees by choice

Cygnus

Means "the swan".

Callisto and Arcas

A nymph in Artemis' entourage who succumbs to the sexual advances of Zeus in the guise of Artemis herself; she will be driven from Artemis' company and bear a son named Arcas; Juno, in a rage, transforms Callisto into a bear. Arcas will grow up to be a hunter and unknowingly almost kill his own mother; to prevent this matricide, Zeus transfers them to the sky and transforms them into constellations.

miasma

the killing of a relative brings the wrath of the gods

What is a "nested story"?

A story inside a story

who comes from Hephaestus' semen?

Erectheus

Apollo and Coronis

Coronis and Apollo start an affair and Apollo thinks that she cheats so he kills her
-he finds out she is pregnant with his child (Aesculapius) and removes her from Coronis's womb

Chiron

wisest centaur, tutors many greek heroes

Aesculapius (Asclepius)

god of medicine (scepter and snake symbol for medicine)
-dies bringing someone back from the dead

Homeric Hymns

-during archaic period
-collection of poems
-composed orally
-written to Demeter, Apollo, Hermes, and Aphrodite
-performed in specific places by aoidoi

lyre

-stringed instrument made of a torts shell
-gifted to Apollo after him and Hermes takes his cattle and hides them

Battus

witnessed Hermes stealing Apollo's cattle; turned into stone for telling on Hermes

Cecrops

-ruler of athens
-Herse, Pondrosus, and Aglauros are his daughters

Panathenaic Procession

procession that transported a special robe to the top of the Acropolis, to be presented to Athena; the procession was one part of a festival that included games and oxen sacrifices

"The rape of Europa" really means

to grab/sieze

Cadmus

-Europa's brother who was sent to retrieve his sister and told to not come back if he didn't succeed
-Founds Thebes

Spartoi

The "sown men" who sprang from the soil when Cadmus sowed the serpent's teeth.

Semele and Jupiter

a wanted affair, Juno dresses as a woman and has Semele ask Jupiter for "anything" she then asks to see him in his true form. Jupiter tries to "dull it down" but when he reveals himself Semele bursts into flames. before she dies Jupiter takes Bacchus (her unborn fetus) and sows him into his eye

Bacchus

son of Jupiter and Semele
-sown into Jupiter's eye after his mother is burned up from seeing Jupiters true form
-given to the nymphs of Nyson to be raised

How does Echo become an echo?

Two Stories:
1. Pan is in love with her and she spurns him, in return he panics the woodsman and they beat her until there is just her voice left
2. The oreads (echo is an oread) would distract Juno while echo and Jupiter had sex, Juno then becomes aware of the indiscretion and curse her to where she can only repeat what others say

Hubris

equivalent of dissing someone

ate

so full of yourself that you make mistake

nemesis

effectual in making your life miserable

Maenads

wild women who follow Dionysus - they tear Pentheus limb from limb - his mother leading the way

Pentheus

King of Thebes, doomed to death for refusing to recognize Dionysus as a god, torn limb from limb by women, including his mother and aunts

Lecothöe

-causes helios to set and rise at the wrong times because of his love for her
- her father buries her alive and she metamorphoses into a frankincense tree

salamacis' pond

-described as beautiful with no reeds
-changes the gender of those who step in it

Salmacis and Hermaphroditus

Hermaphroditus is another beautiful boy, son of Hermes and Aphrodite. Salmacis, a nymph, falls in love with him. She surprises him while bathing in a pond and they wrestle and he tries to escape her; She prays that they be joined in one... and they are, both sexes in one body. That pool changes the gender of those who step in it

The daughters of Minyas

The daughters of Minyas resisted worship of Dionysus and were driven mad, and eventually were turned into owls or bats.

Sisyphus

legendary figure doomed in the underworld to rolling a boulder up an incline and forever failing to surmount its crest

Ino and Athamus

-both are stricken with madness by the fury Tisiphone
-Athamus kills one of their children by bashing his head against a rock
-Ino runs away with the other and jumps off a cliff, they are both transformed into sea divinities

Leucothea

-Ino's name after she became a divinity
-saves Odysseus from drawing with a magical scarf

What do Ino's handmaidens turn into when they follow her off the cliff?

stones and seabirds

Harmonia an Cadmus

-cadmus morphed into a snake and slivers all over Harmonia making her turn into one also

Danae

King Acrisius' daughter, who gets pregnant by Zeus in the form of a shower of gold while in a prison-type underground room where she was put by her father because of the prophecy. Gives birth to Perseus. They are put into a chest and sailed out to sea.

perseus

(Greek mythology) the son of Zeus who slew Medusa (with the help of Athena and Hermes) and rescued Andromeda from a sea monster

What were the items Athena and Hermes gave Perseus to assist him in his pursuit of Medusa?

-Scimitar (curved sword; magical)
-Helmet (invisible)
-Winged sandals (so he can fly)
-Mirrored shield (so medusa will see herself and turn to stone)
-Kibisis (satchel "wallet" he can put her head in)

"in medias res"

in the middle of things

Xenia

Greek code of hospitality; guest friendship

Perseus and Atlas are an example of...

"in medias res"

Andromeda

Daughter of Cepheus (dad) and Cassiepea, (mom) King and Queen of Libya. Mom commited hubris by saying she was prettier than the sea nymphs and Poseidon got mad and send a flood and sea monster to their town. Consulted the oracle of Zeus Ammon and it said to chain Androemda to a rock and sacrifice her to the monster to end turmoil. Is saved by Perseus, who saves her and kills the monster.

What forms when the blood from Medusa's head drops on some seaweed?

coral

What two creatures form when the head of medusa is removed?

Pegasus (winged horse) and Chrysaor ("the guy with the golden sword")

Muses

Nine goddesses who inspired artists
-live on Mt. Helion and Pieria
(know all nine)

Pyrenus

attempts to keep the muses as prisoners, b/c of this he goes mad and throws himself from a cliff

Typhoeus

-dragon (serpent)
-trapped beneath the island of Sicily (hint the erupting of volcanoes)

Proserpine

taken by Pluto to the underworld to the underworld and while she's there she eats a pomegranate and has to stay in hates half the year with pluto and her mother (ceres) gets sad, hence summer and winter

Cyane

attempts to save Proserpine, and is turned into a spring. she gives ceres a clue (proserpines belt) so she knows what has happened

Hecate

hears Proserpine being taken ad informs Demeter

What does the "rude boy" who smarts off to Ceres get turned into?

a spotted lizard

Kykeon

"a minty drink" offered to Demeter at the palace in Eleusis (city)

Arethusa

intervenes with Ceres and asks her not to punish the mortals for Pluto taking Proserpine

Ascalaphus

informed on Proserpina when she had eaten the pomegranate seeds; became an owl, a bird of ill omen

Where does the origin of the Sirens come from?

-they are the maidens of Proserpine and ask to be turned into birds after she is abducted so they can search for her

Arethusa and Alpheus

arethusa (a woodland nymph) comes upon a pond and decides to go for a swim. While in it she hears Alpheus (the river god) calling to her. She flees for him and prays to Diana (the virginil goddess) for protection; she then hides Arethusa in a cloud. Arethusa sweats so bad from suspense that she metamorphoses into a spring and is sucked through the earth to Sicily

Triptolemus

teaches arts of cultivation and agriculture "worlds first farmer"

King Lyncus

tries to murder triptolemus out of jealousy and metamorphoses into a lynx

lynx

short-tailed wildcats with usually tufted ears

Demophoon

mortal that Demeter tries to make into a god after losing Persephone, son of metaneira

Arachne and Minerva

Arachne is a peasant with great weaving skill, minerva gets jealous that arcane is getting all this credit and visits her as an old woman to challenger her to a "weave-off"; Arachne acts like she's crazy and accepts, then minerva reveals herself
**Arachne blushes when she sees who really challenges her
they then have the competition
Minerva: "contest of Athens"
Arachne: every wrong doing of the gods
Minerva can't find a flaw in her work and is so mad she beats Arachne until she disfigures her
Arachne then goes to kill herself by hanging and Minerva turns her into a spider

Manto

prophetess; warns the people of Thebes to go and pay tribute to Latona (Leto) mother of Apollo and Artemis

Niobe

mournful woman; from Niobe, whose children were slain by Apollo and Artemis because of her bragging; the gods pitied her and turned her into a rock that was always wet from weeping
--Etiology: the "weeping rock" (Turkey)

Eileithyia

goddess of childbirth
-Latona was in labor 9 days because of Juno's jealousy of her affair with Jupiter

Delos

Island where Leto gave birth to Apollo and Artemis

after leaving the island of Delos where Latona gives birth to Apollo andArtemis, who does she encounter and how do they treat her?

The Lycian peasants, they keep her from drinking from their spring (even splash around in it) she then curses them and turns them into frogs

Marsyas

satyr who took Athena's flute and, losing in a contest with Apollo, was skinned alive and turned into a river

Tantalus and Pelops

Tantalus was an early human who the gods often frequented, one day he decided to test them and fed them his son Pelops. The only God fooled is Ceres, the gods then resurrect Pelops and give him an ivory shoulder (because ceres ate it)

tantalus

legendary figure doomed to eternal thirst and hunger in the underworld

Who visits Procne and Tereus (a union not blessed by the God's) when they are first married?

screech owl's

What does Tereus do to Philomela (procne's you're sister)?

Brings her for a visit with her sister but ends up locking her in a tower, raping her, and cutting her tongue out

How does Procne find out about Philomela's turmoil?

Philomela weaves a tapestry with panels of her story and manages to get it to her sister. Procne then rescues her and plots revenge on her Tereus