(3)Communication and Problem Solving in Community Development

Communication

Transmitting information through various methods.

Source

Individual or group initiating communication.

Encoder

Transforms ideas into a communicable message.

Message

Physical form representing ideas and intentions.

Channel

Medium used to transmit messages.

Decoder

Retranslates messages for receiver's understanding.

Receiver

Target audience for the communicated message.

Feedback

Receiver's response to the sender's message.

Thinking

Forming the idea in the sender's mind.

Encoding

Translating thoughts into communicative expressions.

Transmitting

Spreading messages through chosen mediums.

Perceiving

Receiver interprets messages through senses.

Decoding

Translating incoming messages into understandable form.

Understanding

Receiver comprehends the sender's intended message.

Verbal Communication

Use of spoken or written words.

Non-verbal Communication

Use of gestures, body language, and expressions.

Environmental Barriers

Noise or distractions affecting communication.

Personal Barriers

Individual experiences and beliefs influencing perception.

Active Listening

Engaging fully in the communication process.

Interview

Verbal exchange to gather information.

Standardized Interview

Fixed questions without interviewer modifications.

Non-standardized Interview

Flexible questioning based on the situation.

Semi-standardized Interview

Specific questions with freedom to probe.

Focused Interview

Questions based on prior knowledge of a topic.

Non-directed Interview

Subject expresses feelings without interviewer pressure.

Open-ended Questions

Encourages detailed responses beyond simple answers.

Closed Questions

Requires brief responses, often yes or no.

Biased Questions

Suggests specific information in the response.

Problem Solving

Steps to identify and resolve issues.

Assessment

Gathering and analyzing relevant data.

Planning

Setting priorities and determining actions.

Implementation

Executing the planned actions.

Evaluation

Continuous assessment of actions and results.

Modes of Communication

Includes verbal and non-verbal methods of conveying messages.

Complex Messages

Use of complicated terms that confuse the receiver.

Overcoming Barriers

Regulating information flow and providing feedback.

Interview Guide

Offers ideas while allowing depth in questioning.

Interview Schedule

Predefined questionnaire read to the subject.

Problem Solving Skills

Steps designed to find solutions to issues.

Problem Identification

Summarizing the situation to define the problem.

Community Development Approaches

Includes welfare, modernization, and participatory methods.

Welfare Approach

Immediate response to alleviate personal poverty.

Modernization Approach

Adopts western development methods to improve resources.

Transformatory Approach

Empowers the poor for a just society.

COPAR

Community organizing for people empowerment and participation.

Pre-entry Phase

Initial phase for selecting communities to serve.

Entry Phase

Social preparation for community engagement.

Pre-research Phase

Community consultation and leader identification.

Research Phase

Collection and presentation of community data.

Community Planning

Formation of planning committees and tentative plans.

Organization-building Phase

Establishing formal structures for community activities.

Sustenance Phase

Strengthening established community organizations and activities.

Integration

Community organizer immerses in community life.

Social Investigation

Systematic data collection for community understanding.

Tentative Program Planning

Choosing an issue to begin community organization.

Groundwork

Motivating individuals on a chosen community issue.

Mobilization

People's active confrontation of powerful entities.

Reflection

Time for community to consider values and realities.

Organization

Final structure with elected officers and members.