lecture 2 definitions

Polar

Has an uneven charge distribution

Nonpolar

Electrons are evenly distributed

Dipole

Difference in charge across a bond or molecule resulting in a positive end and a negative end.

Endothermic

Thermal energy is absorbed/required for the process.

Exothermic

Thermal energy is released by the process.

Enthalpy (delta H)

Amount of thermal energy added to (+) or released (-) by the process.

Mixture

Variable composition, can be seperated, either homogenous or heterogenous.

Solution

Homogenous mixture of particles the size of ions or small molecules.

Colloid

Homogenous mixture of particles larger than ions and small molecules.

Solute

The substance dissolved in the solvent.

Solubility

Maximum amount a solute will dissolve at a given temperature and pressure.

Soluble

Substance dissolves significantly in a solvent.

Insoluble

Substance does not dissolve in a solvent.

Concentration

Amount of substance dissolved per unit of solution.

Saturated

Contains the maximum amount of of a solute that will dissolve at a given temp and pressure.

Over(super)saturated

Contains more than the maximum amount of a solute that will dissolve at a given temp and pressure.

Unsaturated

Contains less than the maxiumum amount of solute that will dissolve at a given temp and pressure.

Precipitation

An insoluble solid forms and is removed from the solution.