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What is the age-related hearing condition called?
Presbycusis
Q: How do the epidermis and dermis change with age?
A: They thin and lose elasticity.
Q: Where does fat tend to accumulate as we age?
A: Abdomen and torso.
Q: What circumstances lead to earlier menopause in women?
A: Smoking, low body weight, genetics, and certain health conditions.
Q: What happens during menopause?
A: Ovaries stop producing estrogen and progesterone, ending menstruation.
Q: Benefits and risks of hormone replacement therapy (HRT)?
A: Benefits: Reduces menopause symptoms, supports bone health. Risks: Increased risk of breast cancer, blood clots, and heart disease.
Q: How does reduced testosterone affect male erections?
A: Decreases libido and vascular health, affecting performance.
Q: Leading causes of death in middle age?
A: Cancer, heart disease, stroke.
Q: Are men or women more vulnerable to health problems, and why?
A: Men, due to higher risk behaviors and lower healthcare utilization.
Q: Define atherosclerosis, angina pectoris, and osteoporosis.
A: - Atherosclerosis: Plaque build-up in arteries.
- Angina pectoris: Chest pain from reduced blood flow.
- Osteoporosis: Bone weakening.
Q: What are the three Cs of hardiness?
A: Control, Commitment, Challenge.
Q: What is generativity?
A: Contributing to society, often through parenting or work.
Q: Name Levinson's four developmental tasks.
pre-adulthood, early adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood
According to Vaillant, what is a midlife focus?
A: Passing down cultural values.
Q: What are the Big Five personality traits?
A: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism (OCEAN).
Q: What are possible selves, and how do they evolve?
A: Mental representations of future selves; they become fewer and more realistic with age.
Q: What is the sandwich generation?
A: Adults caring for both aging parents and children simultaneously.
Q: What is burnout and the glass ceiling?
Burnout: Emotional exhaustion from chronic stress.
- Glass ceiling: Invisible barrier preventing career advancement.
What is functional age?
An individual’s ability to function compared to chronological age.
What factors increase average life expectancy?
Better healthcare, improved nutrition, public health advances.
Q: How does the sense of smell change with age?
A: Declines due to olfactory nerve deterioration.
Q: What is emphysema?
A: Lung damage, usually from smoking, reducing oxygen intake.
Q: Differences between Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and vascular dementia?
A: - Parkinson’s: Motor issues due to dopamine loss.
- Alzheimer’s: Progressive memory loss and cognitive decline.
- Vascular dementia: Stroke-related cognitive impairment.
Q: What is wisdom?
A: Expertise in the meaning of life, integrating knowledge with experience.
Q: What is Erikson’s final conflict?
A: Ego Integrity vs. Despair—reflection on life’s meaning.
Q: Name and define types of reminiscence.
A: - Self-focused: Dwelling on regrets.- Other-focused: Sharing stories to connect with others.
- Knowledge-based: Passing on lessons learned.
Q: What is disengagement theory?
A: The belief that older adults withdraw from society to prepare for death.
Q: What is elder abuse?
A: Physical, emotional, sexual abuse, neglect, or financial exploitation of older adults.
What is the agonal phase of dying?
Body struggles to maintain life; irregular heartbeat and breathing.
Define nonfunctionality, finality, universality, applicability, and causation in death.
Nonfunctionality: Ceasing of all life function's
Finality: Death is irreversible.
- Universality: All living things die.
- Applicability: Applies only to living things.
- Causation: Biological reasons for death.
Who experiences the least death anxiety?
A: Older adults and those with strong religious faith.
Q: What is anticipatory grief?
A: Mourning a loss before it occurs.
