Conservation Biology- People- exam 1

William Newmark

• “White tail” “National Park”

• studied deer motivations for corridor planning

  • save energy or avoid predators?

• drove to National parks to compare populations over time

• island biogeography

  • national parks smaller = less mammals

Jared Diamond

• small reserve = relaxation to equilibrium, less biodiverse

• Single large

  • “a diamond ring decreases space on a finger”

Joel Berger

• “Berger likes it bigger”

• national migration corridor

• WCS (Wildlife Conservation Society)

• development hurt pronghorn migration

Michael Soule

• father of conservation biology

• restore connectivity

• corridors are not one-size-fits-all

Silveira and Tereza

• jaguars use jungle to move, other animals don’t corridors need to be tailored to the species

• Brazil (Emas)

• Stepping stone model

• “Silveira = stepping stones in Brazil”

• “Tereza = tailored corridors”

William Ripple

• “ripple saw a ripple in the trees”

• coined the term “ecology of fear”

• saw the ripple caused by the loss of wolves by looking at Aspen disappearing

  • Aspen grow higher with healthy wolf population

Daniel Simberloff

• “Simberloff likes it small”

• confirmed island biography through mangrove fumigation study

  • smallest/remote go back to equilibrium slowest

• Several small

Arne Naess

• “Likes it deep lol”

• deep ecology

• everything has a right to survive and thrive

Reed Noss

• created reserve design for large cores and strong corridors for Florida black bear and Florida panther

• Florida 1990

E. O. Wilson

• Theory of island biogeography

• little things that run the world

• ants in Melanesia expert

• autobiography: Naturalist

Robert McArthur

• “Robert = Resilience (tied to predators)”

• coauthor, theory of Island Biogeography

• more predators = more stable ecosystem, more resilience

David Quammen

• Song of the Dodo (Island Biogeography)

• persian carpet analogy

• too small space = not useful

• “Quammen’s carpets”

Aldo Leopold

• author of the Sand County Almanac

• Land Ethic

  • The land ethic simply enlarges the boundaries of
    the community to include soils, waters, plants, and animals, or waters, plants, and animals, or
    collectively: the land.”

  • land is a community is the basic concept of ecology, but that land is to be loved and respected
    is an extension of ethics.

  • A land ethic, then, reflects the existence of an ecological conscience, and this in turn reflects a conviction of individual responsibility for the health of land.

  • We can be ethical only in relation to something we can see, feel, understand, love, or otherwise have faith in.

Paul Ehrlich

• IPAT model

• author of the Population Bomb (woke everyone up to the field of conservation biology)

• mentor to Micheal Soule

• brought up issues of food security, resource depletion, and environmental degradation

G. Evelyn Hutchinson

• the ecological theatre and the evolutionary play” of species on the land

• ecology and evolution work hand in hand (must understand one to understand the other)

• genetic diversity

Rachel Carson

• author of Silent Spring

• ultimately led to partial DDT ban

Roderick Nash

• author of The Value of Wilderness (1977)

• stressed importance of preservation of wilderness

  • reservoir for ecological processes

  • sustainer of biodiversity

  • formative influence of American national character

  • sustainer of human diversity

  • nourishes american arts and letters

  • connections to religion

  • guardian of mental health

  • education asset in developing environmental responsibility

Thomas Foose

“gene pools” have been reduced to “gene puddles”
-habitat fragmentation

John Muir

-founder of the sierra club

-Biocentric preservation (harvest no resources)

-primitive recreation (take in and out the same stuff, leave nature alone)

-Intrinsic value of nature

-Muir’s legacy= the National Wilderness Preservation System (1964) = 762 acres designated wilderness area, only primitive recreation

Gifford Pinchot

-First head of the forestry department

-need natural resources to maintain human population

-Utilitarian conservation (use the natural resources in a sustainable way, do not overharvest)