PSY101

Experiment

Tests cause and effect

Case Study

Deep study of one person/group/event

Correlation

Measures relationship between two variables

CORRELATION does not

equal causation

A correlation ranges from:

−1.00 → 0 → +1.00

+.78 →

strong positive relationship

−.84 →

strong negative relationship

0 →

no relationship

Independent Variable (IV)

what the researcher changes\manipulates

I change it

IV

Dependent Variable (DV)

What the researcher measures

Data

DV

Researchers give people different amounts of a memory drug =

IV

and then give them a quiz. =

DV

Control Group=

The control group is used as a comparison

Control =

comparison

GOOD stress Stress that can be motivating or exciting.

EUSTRESS

BAD stress

DIStress

Stress that is unpleasant or harmful.

distress

Chronic Stressors=

Long-lasting sources of stress

Daily Hassles=

small everyday problems that build up

Stressful Life Events=

Major changes that require adjustment.

Frustration =

GOAL BLOCKED You want something, but something prevents you from getting it.

TWO INCOMPATIBLE GOALS

CONFLICT You have to choose between goals that can't both happen.

Approach-Avoidance Conflict

One choice has both positive and negative aspects

Approach + Avoid =

SAME choice has GOOD + BAD

Emotion-focused =

change YOUR EMOTIONS

Nervous System=

CNS+ PNS

CNS =

Central Nervous System is Brain +Spinal Cord

CNS =

CENTER

PNS =

Peripheral Nervous System Everything outside the brain and spinal cord

The PNS divides into:

Somatic + Autonomic

Somatic =

VOLUNTARY

Somatic =

You control it

Autonomic =

Automatic Your body does it without conscious control.

Sympathetic =

ACTION

Activates your body during stress or danger.

FIGHT OR FLIGHT

Helps your body return to normal.

REST & DIGEST

Sympathetic =

SPEED UP

Parasympathetic =

PARK IT

DENDRITES → CELL BODY →

AXON THEN TERMINALS

Dendrites

receive signals

Dendrites =

Detect

Cell Body / Soma

processes information

Axon

Carries the neural impulse away from the cell body

Axon =

AWAY

Myelin Sheath

Insulates the axon and makes signals travel faster

Terminal Buttons

The ends of the axon that release neurotransmitters

ACTION POTENTIAL

An action potential is the neural impulse that travels down the axon

Action potential =

neuron files

All-or-None Law

A neuron either FIRES completely or DOESNT FIRE

Neurotransmitters=

Chemical messengers that carry signals between neurons across the synapse

Receptor =

Lock

Neurotransmitter =

KEY

GABA =

INHIBITORY

It helps calm neural activity.

GABA

Experiment =

CAUSE AND EFFECT

Case study =

ONE PERSON\GROUP\EVENT

Correlation =

relationship, NOT causation

IV =

manipulated

DV =

measured

Control group =

compasion

Eustress =

positive

Distress =

negative

Chronic =

long term

Daily hassles =

small everyday stressors

Frustration =

blocked goal

Conflict =

incompatible goals

Approach-avoidance =

one good choice+ one bad choice

Emotion-focused coping =

change how you feel

CNS =

brain + spinal cord

PNS =

outside CNS

Somatic =

VOLUNTARY

Autonomic =

INVOLUNTARY

Sympathetic =

arousal\ action

Parasympathetic =

calm recovery

Dendrites =

receive

Soma =

processes

Axon =

carries impulse away

Myelin =

speeds transmission

Terminal buttons =

release neurotransmitters

Action potential =

neural impulse

All-or-none =

full firing or no firing

GABA =

inhibatory\calming

Neurotransmitters =

chemical messengers

Lock-and-key =

Your body does it without conscious control.

experiment

1.A researcher gives one group a new medication and another group a placebo. What type of research is this?

Iv

Caffeine amount

3.What does a correlation of −.90 indicate?

Strong negative relationship

4. A student wants to get an A but their professor won't allow them to retake an exam.

Frustration

5. Someone is stuck in traffic every morning and becomes increasingly stressed.

Daily Hassles

6.Someone gets a promotion but is worried about having to work more hours.

Approach- avoidance conflict

7.Which system controls voluntary movement?

Somatic

8.Which system is responsible for calming the body after stress?

Parasympathetic nervous system

9.Which part of the neuron receives incoming signals?

Dendrites

10.Which part carries the impulse away from the cell body?

Axon

11.What does myelin do?

Speed neural transmission

12.According to the all-or-none law, a neuron:

Fire completely or doesnt fire

13. GABA is primarily:

Inhibatory

14.In the lock-and-key model, the neurotransmitter is the:

key