1: Intro to Anatomy & Physiology

anatomy

study of structures of body + their spatial relationships to one another

• “to cut apart”`

macroscopic (gross) anatomy

• relational anatomy

• sectional anatomy

microscopic anatomy

• histology - study of tissues

• cytology - study of cells

levels of organization

1. chemical level

2. cellular level

3. tissue level

4. organ level

5. system level

6. organismal level

physiology

study of chemistry + physics that underlie function of anatomical structures, individually + in combination w/ other structures

• “to study nature/origin of”

main body cavities

• dorsal cavity

  • cranial cavity

  • vertebral cavity

• ventral cavity

  • thoracic cavity

  • abdominopelvic cavity

cranial cavity

contains brain

• part of cranial cavity

vertebral cavity

contains spinal cord

• part of dorsal cavity

thoracic cavity

contains lungs + heart

• part of ventral cavity

abdominopelvic cavity

contains abdominopelvic organs (viscera)

• part of ventral cavity

abdominopelvic quadrants

• divides abdominopelvic cavity into 4 regions

• horizontal + vertical lines pass through navel (umbilicus)

abdominopelvic regions

divides abdominopelvic cavity into 9 regions

anatomical position

used to refer to patient when speaking relationally

• upright posture

• facing straight ahead

• feet parallel + close together

• palms facing forward

prone

position - lying on stomach

supine

position - lying on back

anterior

(1) towards belly

posterior

(2) towards back

superior

(3) towards head

inferior

(4) towards tail

medial

(5) towards midsagittal plane

lateral

(6) away from midsagittal plane

proximal

(7) closer to attachment point

distal

(8) further from attachment point

superficial

towards surface (of skin)

deep

further from surface (of skin)

bilateral

both sides

• structures that are on both sides

  • eg. ears, ears, lungs

ipsilateral

same side

• structures that are on the same side

  • eg. stomach and spleen, left arm and left leg

contralateral

opposite side

• structures that are on opposite sides

right hypochondriac region

contains:

• liver

• right kidney

• gallbladder

• some small intestine

• some large intestine

epigastric region

contains:

• stomach

• liver

• pancreas

• duodenum (small intestine)

• spleen

• adrenal glands

• right and left kidneys

left hypochondriac region

contains:

• spleen

• stomach

• colon

• tip of liver

• left kidney

• some pancreas

right lumbar region

contains:

• tip of liver

• gallbladder

• some small intestine

• ascending colon

• right kidney

umbilical region

contains:

• small intestine

• some stomach

• some pancreas

• transverse colon

left lumbar

contains:

• descending colon

• left kidney

• some small intestine

right iliac (inguinal) region

contains:

• appendix

• some small intestine

• ascending colon

• cecum (large intestine)

hypogastric region

contains:

• bladder

• sigmoid colon

• some small intestine

• reproductive organs

left iliac (inguinal) region

contains:

• descending colon

• some small intestine

• sigmoid colon