sociology final practice questions

After years of being called a "bad kid" in school, Jordan began acting out more and eventually dropped out. Which theory best explains how the label influenced his behavior?

labeling theory

what is the labeling theory

A city council changes how it handles heroin addiction, replacing jail time with treatment programs. This shift reflects:

Medicalization

After joining a group of coworkers who routinely steal office supplies, Ali begins doing the same. This behavior is best explained by

differential association theory

a factory worker feels unhappy at work and believes its because their labor benefits their boss far more than themselves. Whos theory best explains this frustration?

karl max

a sociologist argues that income inequality helps ensure people are motivated to train for important, difficult jobs like surgery. This helps reflect which perspective?

functionalist theory

a school counselor calls a meeting with a student and their parents after repeated dress code violations. in this case, the counselor acts as:

an agent of social control

maya gets hired at a company after her mentor sends her resume directly to the hiring manager. this is an example of what?

social capital

a professional learns to play golf because they’ve heard its important for networking in their industry. this reflects the idea of:

cultural capital

A biology student claims that race can be explained by genetics, but their professor corrects them station that race is:

a social construction

a public school once denied Black students enrollment until desegregation laws passed. this is an example of:

cultural exclusion

When someone says, “I don’t see race- everyone’s equal,” they may unintentionally be expressing

colorblind racisim

In the 1960s, men ran marathons much faster than women. Today, the time gap is much smaller. This suggests early performance gaps were due mostly to:

social ineqality

A father bases his parenting style on what he saw in sitcoms growing up. This shows the influence of:

social institutions

When children learn what behaviors are expected of boys vs. girls through toys, media, and adults, this process is called:

gender socialization

A person believes the gender pay gap disappeared after more women entered the workforce in the 1970s. What does sociological research say about this?

structural ineqality

Jessica believes anyone can succeed if they work hard enough, regardless of their background. This reflects a belief in:

meritocracy

Even in college, Marcus feels pressure to “act like a man” and hide his emotions. This ongoing experience is an example of

gender socialization

A surgeon is widely respected, while a fast food worker receives little recognition despite working hard. This illustrates the concept of:

occupational prestige

A politician blames immigrants for a lack of jobs in the manufacturing sector. This is an example of:

scapegoating

A sociologist studies why low-income neighborhoods have higher rates of chronic illness, focusing on factors like pollution and access to healthcare. This approach emphasizes:

social forces