DNA to RNA to Protein Synthesis Review

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to DNA, RNA, protein synthesis, and mutations to aid in exam preparation.

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid, the genetic material that carries information in cells.

RNA

Ribonucleic acid, a molecule involved in protein synthesis and gene regulation.

Codon

A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

Amino Acid

The building blocks of proteins, encoded by codons in mRNA.

Frameshift Mutation

A genetic mutation caused by insertions or deletions that change the reading frame of the sequence.

Base Substitution Mutation

A mutation where one base pair is replaced by another, potentially altering one amino acid in a protein.

Peptide Bond

A chemical bond that links amino acids together in a protein.

STOP codon

A codon that signals the termination of protein synthesis.

Mutation

A change in the DNA sequence that can result in altered protein function.

Translation

The process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the genetic information carried by mRNA.