SPM Science Paper 1 Practice Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms, definitions, and core scientific concepts extracted from the SPM Science Paper 1 module.

Safety Shower

A personal protective equipment in the laboratory used to rinse individuals who have been exposed to chemical spills or fire on their body.

Airway Opening in CPR

A critical procedure in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) performed specifically to open the victim's airways.

Pulse Rate Variation by Sex

A biological physiological trait where females generally possess a higher resting pulse rate than males.

Klinefelter Syndrome

A genetic disorder resulting from a chromosome abnormality where a male individual has an extra X chromosome ($47, \text{XXY}$).

Continuous Variation

A type of variation that exhibits no distinct categories, is influenced by environmental factors, and shows a continuum of phenotypes (e.g., intelligence).

Master Gland

The pituitary gland, so called because it secretes hormones that regulate the activities of other endocrine glands.

Stimulant

A category of drugs (e.g., amphetamine) that accelerates the transmission of nerve impulses in the central nervous system, making a person feel alert and highly confident.

Subatomic Composition of Sodium ($^{23}_{11}\text{Na}$)

A standard sodium atom consisting of $11$ protons, $12$ neutrons, and a total nucleon number of $23$.

Duralumin

An alloy composed mainly of aluminium that is lightweight, strong, and resistant to corrosion, commonly used in transport vehicle manufacturing.

Vulcanised Rubber

Natural rubber that has been processed with sulphur to create cross-links between polymer chains, improving strength and heat resistance for items like vehicle tyres.

Internal Factor of Free Radicals

A biological process originating inside the body, such as inflammation, that generates free radicals.

Gradient of Displacement-Time Graph

The slope of a displacement-time graph, which represents the physical quantity of velocity.

Inertia

The natural resistance of an object to any change in its state of motion or rest, causing unsecured loads on moving vehicles to throw forward during sudden braking.

Uranium-235

A radioactive isotope commonly used as the primary fuel source for generating nuclear energy within a nuclear reactor.

Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria

Bacteria residing in the root nodules of leguminous plants that convert atmospheric nitrogen gas into soluble nitrate ions for plant nutrition.

Pectin Powder

A chemical additive used in food processing as a stabilizer or emulsifier to improve the homogeneity and thick uniform texture of products like mayonnaise.

Factor Affecting Solid-State Reaction Rate

The total particle size or surface area of a solid reactant that directly influences its rate of chemical reaction.

Average Rate of Reaction Calculation

The total volume of gas produced divided by the total reaction time (e.g., $\frac{30.00\,\text{cm}^3}{120\,\text{s}} = 0.25\,\text{cm}^3\,\text{s}^{-1}$).

Propana

An alkane hydrocarbon compound containing three carbon atoms with the structural formula $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3$ ($\text{C}_3\text{H}_8$).

Physical Property of Ethanol

A characteristic observable property of pure ethanol, which exists as a colourless liquid at room temperature.

Perigee

The point or position in an elliptical orbit where an orbiting satellite is at its closest distance to the Earth.