ap world vocab

abolitionism

the movement to end slavery

abdicate

to give up / renounce your position

Aristocrats / Aristocracy

the nobility highest riches class often with titles

Bicameral (government)

“two chambers” congress

Bureaucracy

aka administration-people who help you rule and make decisions

capitalism

an economic system where trade and industry are owned/controlled by private persons trying to make a profit rather than by the state

censorship

suppression of information

centralization / centralized

power and authority reside in one person/place

chancellor

head of the presidents cabinet (germany) basically the presidents “first minister” appointed not elected

civil rights

rights that protect an individuals freedom

civil service

rights that protect an individual’s freedom

classical liberalism

a political ideology which advocated for civil liberties under the rule of law with an emphasis on economic freedom

collateral

property offered to ensure the repayment of a loan

collectivization

the state took peoples farms and combined them, forcing the farmers to farm these larger farms under government control

communism

political ideology formed by karl marx that calls for a worldwide war between the rich and the working class(because the rich is horrible obviously) working class destroys capitalism by seizing factories, business, etc and eventually abolishing private property and sharing everything accordingly

conservativism

commitment to traditional values and/or ideas and resistance to change

constitutional monarchy

a king or queen rules within the limits of a constitution- other branches of government exist which the king/queen shares power with

coup

overthrowing a leader/government

De facto/ de jure

in fact/ in law, de facto=power behind the throne, de jure=legal/crowned

deism

belief in a God who walked away after creation, does not intervene, Jesus is not divine

depression(economic)

lorf and long economic decline(compare with recession)

diplomacy

negotiations between countries

disenfranchise

take away someone’s right to vote

empiricism

a theory that all knowledge comes from experience

evalute

weigh the value, assess

executive

the branch responsible for day-to-day governing and enforcing the laws the legislative branch makes

federal (government)

a government of multiple levels where several states join a union and have an umbrella government over all of them, while simultaneously having lower levels of government in each state which control each state’s internal affairs

feudalism

medieval social structure where people would be given land and protection in return for military service or labor

fraternize

associate or form a friendship with someone you are not supposed to

heresy

word used by the Christian Churches to refer to wrong teaching typically burned at the stake

humanism

political philosophy attaching most importance to human matters(not divine or supernatural)

humanitarian aid

aid designed to save lives

inflation

decline in the value of money

isolationist

ideology which wants a country to keep to itself, rely on itself, not get involved in the disputes/wars of other countries

judiciary

the branch of government which involves justice and decides whether certain laws have been broken

jurisdiction

decision making power or the area over which someone has that decision making power

keynesian economics

deficit spending, devaluing the currency

legislature

branch of government which makes the laws

mercenary

someone who fights for the highest bidder

meritocracy

people hold power because of their skill and ability

metaphysical

distant, abstract, theoretical

monarchy

government with a king or queen

nationalism(in communist terms)

government taking over certain industries or businesses

papacy

Pope

papist

old derogatory term for catholic

prime minister

elected head of an elected government on the parliamentary model

privatization

opposite of nationalism

Proletariat

Karl Marx term for working class

proxy

representative, if you vote “by proxy” the representative votes for you

recession

economic decline that has lasted over half a year but is not as serious as a depression

renounce

give up position/abdicate

sanctioned

if an action is sanctioned it is allowed/supported; if a person/country is sanctioned it means it is being punished

satirical

sarcastic and critical

scholasticism

medieval `philosophy` that involved using one’s reason critically to discover things that were absolutely true; goal was to produce certainty; often used with divine or supernatural

secular

separate from and with no connection to religion

socialism

in-between stage stage of Capitalism and Communism, after the rich are overthrown and the businesses are seized, the “temporary” dictatorship

speculation

investing in something in the hopes of making a profit

status quo ante bellum

what it was like before the war

subordinate

lower in rank

tariff

a tax on imports/exports

theocracy

a government where priests of a certain god rule

usurp

take a powerful position illegally

utopian socialism

aimed to create a perfect society by having peaceful communism

villigization

forced resettlement of rural people in larger villages by the government

zionism

modern movement that called for the reestablishment of a Jewish state in ancient Israel