Biomes and Water Zones: Global Patterns of Life

What is the water column above the ocean floor referred to?

The Pelagic zone

What is the bottom layer of a freshwater system called?

Benthos

Where are the majority of deciduous forests in the US located?

In the east

Why do grasslands typically not have trees?

The precipitation is not sufficient to support tree growth

What term describes vegetation zones defined by altitude?

Vertical zonation

The water column above the ocean floor is referred to as the

pelagic zone

Chronic effects of a toxic response

Can last a long time and be permanent

Highly persistent toxic chemicals

retain their toxicity cycling through the food chain/environment.

If solubility is an important characteristic in toxic material movement in the environment and body, which of the following statements is true?

Oil-soluble compounds accumulate in the body

__creates drug resistant strains while __transfers drug resistance from one

strain to another

mutation ; conjugation

__examines how environmental

changes threaten the health of humans and natural communities

Conservation medicine

Proponents of social justice believe that environmental and social problems will decrease if

resources are distributed fairly

The demographic transition refers to a country's change from

high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates

Pronatalist pressures are influences that lead people to

have more children

A pyramid-shaped age structure histogram is characteristic of a (an)__

Population

Expanding

The average age that a newborn can expect to attain in a given society if referred to as

life expectancy

Demography is the science that describes

Population changes and characteristics

The Mathusian catastrophe theory stated that

population growth would exceed agricultural production causing mass famine, starvation, and death

Genetic diversity is lost in a small population when

Only a few individuals survive a catastrophe

Island biogeography explains the phenomenon of __ terrestrial species on islands small and far from the mainland when compared to larger islands that are closer to the mainland and have __

terrestrial species.

fewer ; more

Intrinsic factors are __ while extrinsic factors are __

Within a species or population; Outside a species or population

You are studying an organism that is an opportunistic pioneer species and does not care for its offspring. This organism probably has a __

population growth

strategy.

R-adapted

Exponential growth cannot continue indefinitely because

eventually, shortages of food or other resources lead to a reduction in the population size

Which of the following is the accepted level of risk for most environmental hazards, as defined by the Environmental Protection Agency

1/1,000,000

Allergens

Overstimulate the immune system

Teratogens

Cause defects during growth and development

Carcinogens

Cause unchecked cell growth

Neurotoxins

Attack nerve cells

Mutagens

Damage or otherwise alter DNA sequence

In the context of population growth regulation, intrinsic factors are those that

operate within or between organisms.

A graph of a population growing at a positive constant rate would most resemble a

J-shaped curve.

Conservation biologists refer to the number of individuals needed for long-term survival as

the minimum viable population size.

Exponential growth would be represented by a ________blank curve?

J-shaped

Carrying capacity is the population or biomass

of a species that an environment can support on a long-term basis.

In ________blank countries, population growth rates are low, but the number of resources used per person is extremely high.

developed

The economist Karl Marx believed that

human population growth is a consequence of poverty and other social ills.

The I = PAT formula says that our environmental impacts (I) are the product of

the population size times affluence and the technology used to produce goods and services consumed.

A demographic transition is expected to accompany

economic development and stabilization.

Which layer of a deep lake has the most light and oxygen?

epilimnion

Which marine stratification listed would have the least primary productivity?

abyssal zone

Organisms in this habitat are adapted to very hot temperatures, high pressure, and are supported by a food chain based on metabolizing sulfur compounds rather than oxygen. This description best fits

hydrothermal vent communities.

The biome type that has lost the greatest percentage of its original area due to human activities is the

temperate deciduous forest.

Wetlands are biomes that

are wet at least some of the year.

Tree growth in the taiga is limited by

extreme cold and short summers.

Which of the following is an example of a specialization that plants in the desert may have?

All of these are adaptations of plants living in desert conditions

Location of specific biomes can be predicted based on

precipitation and temperature.

Vertical zonation refers to

vegetation zones defined by elevation.