TEAS 2024 Exam Prep

What is the one thing that cells have in common?

Membrane

What is a cell membrane composed of?

Phospholipids

What are transport holes

Proteins that help certain molecules and ions move in and out of the cell

What is the cell filled with?

Cytoplasm/Cytosol

What is an organelle?

Group of complex molecules that help the cell survive

What do ALL cells contain?

DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis ability

What does each cell consist of?

Nucleic acids, cytoplasm, and cell membrane

How does cell life begin?

With sexual or asexual reproduction

What makes up tissue?

collection of cells

What makes up organs?

Collection of tissues

What do ribosomes do?

Synthesize proteins from amino acids

Where can ribosomes be embedded?

Endoplasmic reticulum

What is the golgi complex?

synthesizing materials that are brought into the cell.

Where is the golgi complex located?

Near the nucleus.

What is the golgi complex made of?

Layered membrane

What are vacuoles?

Sacs used for storage, digestion and waste removal

How many vacuoles does a plant cell have?

1 large vacuole

Can animal cells have more than one vacuole?

Yes

What is a vesicle?

It is a small organelle within a cell.

What does the membrane of a vesicle do?

Moves materials within a cell

What is the cytoskeleton made up of?

Microtubules that help shape and support the cell.

What is a microtubule?

Part of the cytoskeleton to support the cell.

What are microtubules made up of?

Protein

What is cytosol?

Material inside of the cell.

What is cytosol made up of?

Mostly water, but can have other floating molecules.

What is the cell membrane?

Defines the cell by acting as a barrier

What does the cell membrane do?

Helps keep the cytoplasm inside and foreign substances outside.

What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum?

Smooth and Rough

What does rough endoplasmic reticulum have?

Ribosomes on the outside

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

A tubular network that acts as a transport system.

Fused to the nuclear membrane and extends into cytoplasm.

What does the mitochondria do?

Develops ATP, assists cell growth/death

Do mitochondria contain their own DNA?

Yes! it is separate from the nucleus.

List the 4 functions of the mitochondria

1. Cell energy

2. Cell signaling

3. Cellular differentiation

4. Cell cycle/growth regulation

In what kind of cells are mitochondria numerous?

Eukaryotic Cells

How many membranes does the mitochondria have?

Inner and Outer

What does the inner membrane of mitochondria do?

encloses the matrix (that has mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes)

What are between the inner and outer membrane of mitochondria?

Cristae (folds)

What kind of respiration occurs in the mitochondria?

Aerobic

What is a centrosome?

Involved in mitosis/cell cycle, has a pair of centrioles surrounded by protein

What are centrioles?

Cylinder shaped structures near the nucleus used for division.

What does each cylinder centriole have?

Nine groups of three microtubules.

What is a lysosome?

Structure that digests proteins, lipids, and carbs.

What can the lysosome do?

Help transport undigested substances to membrane so it can be removed

What are Cilia?

Appendages extending from surface of cell (causes movement)

Difference between flagella and cilia

Flagella are longer, and cells usually only have one

What does the nucleus contain?

DNA, and chromosomes.

Do all eukaryotic cells have a nucleus?

Yes

What is the nucleus responsible for?

Passing genetic material between generations.

Name the 6 parts of nucleus

1. Nuclear Envelope

2. Nucleoplasm

3. Nucleolus

4. Nuclear Pores

5. Chromatin

6. Ribosomes

What do chromosomes store?

Genetic information about the plant or animal

What does the Chromatic consist of?

The DNA and protein that make up chromosomes

Where is the nucleolus found?

Inside of the nucleus

What does the nucleolus consist of?

Protein, lacks a membrane.

What is the role of the nucleolus?

Synthesize Protein, stores RNA, synthesizes RNA

What is the nuclear envelope?

The structure that surrounds the nucleus

What are the layers of the nuclear envelope made of?

Lipids

What is the role of the nuclear pores?

Exchange material between nucleus and cytoplasm

What is the nucleoplasm?

Liquid within the nucleus (similar to the cytoplasm).

Number of kg in 1 metric ton

1000

number of grams in a kg

1000

Number of mL in 1 L

1000

Number of cm in 1 m

100

Number of m in a km

1000

Number of cm in 1 in

2.54

number of meters in 1 foot

0.305

number of meters in 3 feet

0.914

number of feet in 1 mile

5280

Number of square yards in 1 acre

4840

number of km in 1 mile

1.609

number of mL in a fluid ounce

29.573

number of ounces in a cup

8

number of ounces in a pint

16

number of pints in a quart

2

number of quarts in a gallon

4

number of mL in a tsp

5

What does the cell membrane consist of

phospholipid bilayer

What does the phospholipid bilayer consist of?

hydrophilic ends on the outside and hydrophobic ends on the inside of cell

What do glycolipids do?

help the cell to recognize other cells of the organisms

What molecules typically pass through cell membrane?

Oxygen and Water

What kind of molecule can usually pass through cell membrane

Molecules that are soluble in phospholipids

How do molecules get into cell if they are not soluble?

Active transport of through vesicles in the membrane

How long does animal cell reproduction take?

24 hours

Do neurons grow or divide once mature?

No

What are the two ways a cell can reproduce?

Mitosis and Meiosis

Is the cell an exact copy of parent cell in mitosis?

Yes

Is the cell an exact copy of parent cell in meiosis?

No

When does meiosis happen?

In reproductive cells called gametes

What kind of cell controls differentiation?

Zygotes

What is gastrulation?

Early process of embryotic cell development of most animals.

Name the three layers developed during gastrulation

Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm.

Where does the nervous system develop from?

Ectoderm

Where does the muscular system develop from?

mesoderm

Where does the digestive system develop from?

endoderm

Name the 6 steps in mitosis in order

Interphase

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Cytokinesis

What happens in interphase?

The cell prepares for division by replicating genetic material

What happens during prophase?

Chromatin thickens to develop nuclear membrane.

Centrioles move to OPPOSITE sides of cell

Mitotic spindle moves chromosomes around in cell

What happens during metaphase?

Mitotic spindle moves to the center, and chromosomes align along the center spindle.

What happens during anaphase?

Pairs of chromosomes (sisters), begin to pull apart.

Grooves appear in cell membrane

What happens during Telophase?

Spindle deteriorates, nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes revert to chromatin.

What happens in cytokinesis?

Physical splitting of the cell.