collisions flashcards

Aztec Empire

A group of people in Mesoamerica known for their military strength, religious practices, and tribute system.

Tenochtitlan

The capital city of the Aztec empire located in Lake Texcoco.

Tlatelolco

Another important Aztec city known for having the largest marketplace.

Pochteca

Professional merchants in the Aztec society, often wealthier than nobles.

Huizilopochtli

The patron deity of the Aztecs associated with war and the sun.

Inca Empire

An empire of Quechua-speaking people located in the Andean region.

Viracocha

The creator god of the Inca and ancestor of the Sapa Inca.

Inti

The sun god of the Inca and father of the Sapa Inca.

Quipu

A knotted cord device used by the Inca for accounting purposes.

Mita

A form of tribute in the Inca society that involved manual labor.

Chosen Women

Young girls taken from their homes and trained in Inca ideology.

Sapa Inca

The supreme ruler or emperor of the Inca.

Coya

The high priestess of the Inca.

Prince Henry the Navigator

A key figure in maritime exploration who established a navigation school.

John Cabot

An English explorer known for landing in Newfoundland. Funded by king Henry VII.

Ferdinand Magellan

A Portuguese explorer who is famous for his circumnavigation of the globe.

Hernan Cortes

The Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec Empire.

Moctezuma II

The last Aztec emperor when Hernan Cortes conquered the empire.

Francisco Pizarro

The Spanish conquistador who conquered the Inca Empire.

Atahualpa

The last emperor of the Inca before Pizarro's conquest.

Treaty of Tordesillas

An agreement that divided the New World between Spain and Portugal. Drawn by Pope Alexander VI.

Encomienda

A system granting Spanish settlers the right to use indigenous people for labor.

Floating Islands

Agricultural islands created by the Aztecs for farming in swampy areas.

Terrace Farming

An agricultural practice used by the Inca to farm on mountainous terrain.

Afonso I

A pivotal figure in the history of the Kongo, fostering cultural diffusion with Portugal.

King Joao

The king of Portugal during the era of exploration.

Atlantic System/Triangular Trade

A trade network connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas, involving the exchange of goods and slaves.

Casta Painting

Artworks depicting social hierarchy based on race in colonial Latin America.

One Drop Rule

A principle used to determine racial identity in the Dominican Republic.

Bateys

Sugar plantations in the Dominican Republic, primarily worked by Haitian laborers.

Jimeta

A style of horse riding developed by the Spanish.

Jacobus

A type of Spanish firearm.

Smallpox

A deadly disease brought by Europeans that devastated indigenous populations.

Queen Isabella

The monarch of Spain who supported exploratory voyages by funding them.

Royal Fifth

A tax of 20% imposed on mining revenues by the Spanish crown.

Mestizo

A person of mixed indigenous and European ancestry.

Mulatto

A person of mixed Spanish and African ancestry.

Malinche

Cortes' interpreter and partner during his expedition in the New World.

Princess Isabel

Moctezuma's daughter, known for her devout Catholic beliefs.

Isabel de Guevara

A woman who played a significant role in the conquest of Argentina and Paraguay.

Ines Suarez

A woman who sought her husband in the New World but became a key figure in Chilean conquest.

Viceroyalties

Colonial territories governed by viceroys representing the Spanish crown.

Engenho

Sugar mills in the Americas, often associated with large slave populations.

columbus

first Italian explorer to sail to the new world. Sailed under queen Isabella and king Ferdinand of Spain. landed in Hispaniola.

Piri Reis

A captain in the Turkish navy who drew a very accurate map of the world

zacatecas

major silver mine in mexico

potosi

major silver mine in peru

Vasco de Gama

Portuguese explorer who was the first to reach India by seas

Pedro Cabral

Portuguese explorer sent on the second mission to India by water but ended up so far west he made it to brazil

Bartolomeu Dias

Portuguese explorer who went with Cabral on the second trip to India

Conquisators

Spanish explorers and soldiers known for their conquests in the Americas, notably during the 16th century.

diaspora

the dispersion of people from their original homeland

Sebastian Cabot

Implemented longitude to improve navigational charts

Strait of Magellan

sea route between antartica and the southern tip of south america

viceroys

people in a colony ruling on behalf of the monarch

Caciques

Indigenous rulers who governed local tribes in the Spanish colonies.