Bio 8 Level 2 and 3

What are the parts of the cell membrane?

Phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates.

What is the function of the cell membrane in terms of environmental separation?

It is selectively permeable, keeping internal and external environments separate.

What is passive transport?

Movement through the cell membrane WITHOUT energy.

What is active transport?

Movement through the cell membrane WITH energy.

How are passive and active transport similar?

Both allow things to move in and out of the cell.

How are passive and active transport different?

Active transport uses energy while passive transport does not.

What is a concentration gradient?

An area where there is a difference in solute concentration.

What does it mean to move with the concentration gradient?

To move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

What does it mean to move against the concentration gradient?

To move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

How do particles move during simple diffusion?

They flow from the side of higher concentration to the side of lower concentration.

What is isotonic?

A solution that contains the same concentration of water and solutes.

What is hypotonic?

A solution containing a lower amount of solute compared to another solution.

What is hypertonic?

A solution that has a high solute concentration and low water concentration.

What is diffusion?

Movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

What is facilitated diffusion?

Movement of molecules across a cell membrane using specialized proteins.

What is osmosis?

Movement of water molecules from a solution with high water concentration to lower.

What is exocytosis?

A process for moving large molecules out of the cell.

What is endocytosis?

A process for moving materials into the cell.

How might temperature affect active transport?

High temperatures can denature the proteins involved in active transport.