Aggression Overall

What is the strength of using brain scanning methods to measure aggression?

They are objective and allow for quantitative data, which limits interpretation and shows effects of brain areas on aggression.

How does sexual selection relate to aggression?

Males may be more aggressive to fend off rivals, allowing them to reproduce and pass on their genes.

What is the superego according to Freud?

The part of the personality that is moralistic and represents societal ideals.

What is catharsis?

The process of releasing pent-up energy through methods such as displacement or denial.

How is serotonin linked to aggression?

Low serotonin levels disturb neuronal activity, reduce self-control, and lead to more impulsive behavior.

What is the dual-hormone hypothesis regarding testosterone and cortisol?

High testosterone and low cortisol levels can lead to aggressive behavior.

What role does the amygdala play in aggression?

It assesses and responds to environmental threats and cues, indicating aggression levels.

Why is the biological explanation of aggression reductionistic?

It only considers biological aspects like hormones and ignores social context and responses to stressful events.

What did Buss find about male and female preferences in 33 countries?

Males prefer younger, attractive women for reproductive success; females prefer older, wealthier men for better offspring care.

What is a scientific critique of Freud's theory?

It is not scientific and is difficult to test, as it relies on subjective accounts of one's unconscious.

What does natural selection refer to?

The process of passing on inherited traits that enhance reproductive success, leading to selection of those individuals.

What is a weakness of using correlations in aggression research?

It shows a relationship but does not determine cause and effect.

How does the pre-frontal cortex influence aggression?

It is important for cognitive functions like rational thinking, self-control, and inhibition of aggressive behaviors.

What evidence supports the link between testosterone and aggression?

Dabbs and Hargrove found a positive correlation between violence levels in prisoners and testosterone levels.

How can culture affect aggression?

For example, Kung San people discourage aggression from childhood, while the Yanomami value aggressive behavior.